About 85 kilometers from Florence is the city of Pisa where the Leaning Tower is located. Galileo, the inventor of the telescope, was born in this city of Pisa in AD 1564. We reached the railway station on time. There is a train from Florence to Pisa every half hour. There were many halls in which t
Couldnt sleep all night. When we left India, we went after voting for the seventeenth Lok Sabha and today their results were to come. So there was restlessness throughout the night. Lok Sabha elections in India have always been very exciting, even though the reason for the excitement is different ea
Today we have to leave for Florence. Our train is at 11.30 am. Nevertheless all the members including Deepa got up at five in the morning (Rome time) and started preparing to walk. I got up at four oclock in the morning to prepare notes for yesterdays visit. There are three ways to reach Rome Railwa
Forgetting Indian time, the body has started adopting Italian time. Although even now the eyes open once according to Indian time at five oclock in the morning, but now sleep again comes back to sleep and opens at five oclock in the morning according to Italian time. It had started raining since thi
Jesus Christ is believed to have been born in AD 4. He was born in a Jewish family in Nazareth. Princeps Augustus Octavian Caesar, the successor of Julius Caesar before his birth Great Roman Empire had established. Nazareth, the birthplace of Jesus Christ, was located in this vast Roman Empire. Chri
Princeps Augustus Octavian Caesar The assassination of Julius Caesar accelerated the pace of the fall of the Republic of Rome. Caesars adopted son Augustus Octavian, the grandson of one of Caesars brothers, and Julius Caesars friend Mark Antony avenged Julius murder. Cleopatra, living in Caesars pa
The Rise of Julius Caesar The names of two warriors emerged prominently in the crowds of the wealthy landowners of Rome in those days. The first was Pompey and the second was Julius Caesar. Caesar earned fame by conquering Gaul (France). After some time, Caesar conquered Britain and forced the worl
Roman disillusionment with the Republic After the fall of Carthage, the capture of slaves from the defeated countries intensified. Huge herds of slaves began to be transported in ships to Rome. These were bought by the wealthy landowners of Rome and put to work in their fields. Thus the rich of Ro
After the establishment of Rome, the kings rule continued in Rome for about five hundred years, but in BC. The Roman Republic was established in 509. It was a peculiar type of republic, dominated by some wealthy families of the zamindar class. They are collectively Senate Used to say This Senate wa
The Rise of Nonviolent and Vegetarian Philosophical Thinking There is an old country in Europe called Greece, which we also know as Greece. In this Greece, about 580 years before Christ, a philosopher named Pythagoras was born, which todays world knows as a mathematician. Pythagoras died about 500
Indo-European Religion In the context of Indian civilization and culture, the civilization and culture of Europe dates back thousands of years. Although the time of the composition of the Rigveda in India has been disputed by Western historians, on the basis of the evidence discovered by modern Ind
The graves of skeletons of eight to twelve feet! Near a place called Arzachena in the northern part of the province of Sardinia in western Italy, there is a site called Coddu Visiu, from where about 800 giant-graves of the Norage-era have been found. These are called megalithic tombs. Local people
The Italian peninsula, located in the southern part of the continent of Europe, is organized as a country since AD 1861, between latitudes 35 to 47 degrees north and longitudes 6 to 19 degrees east. The original name of this country is Repubblica Italiana in the native language of Italy, Latin and
Italy is called the India of Europe. There does not seem to be any definite reason behind saying this, yet some reasons hidden behind this belief become self-evident by looking at both the countries. Similarities between India and Italy The complexion of the people of Italy is like those of the wh
Scattering of Italy In AD 493, on the orders of Emperor Zeno of the Eastern Roman Empire, his feudatory Theodoric invaded Italy and became the ruler of Rome himself after killing the Roman ruler Odovecar. Theodoric was the head of the Ostrogoth clan of Germany but was considered a trusted confidant
The Partition of the Western Empire by Romulus Augustus In AD 474, the Emperor Leo (I) of Constantinople recognized Julius Nieppo as co-emperor of the Roman Empire and appointed him as the ruler of Rome, but shortly after Julius Nieppo fell ill and took advantage of this opportunity. In .475, a Rom
Various sects of Christianity Due to the ideas of Christianity spread by various disciples of Jesus Christ in the early centuries, different sects developed in Christianity which later became the biggest weakness of Christianity. There were bloody conflicts between these sects. The Latin sect of Ch
Christianity was mired in conflicts since its birth. This was a natural thing because the sophistication of a best institution, best idea, best creation or system can happen only after conflicts. The thought arising in the heart of man in relation to any subject, is not necessarily so superior that
When Emperor Constantine moved his capital from Rome to Byzantia, his mother built a large church near the tomb of Jesus in Jerusalem, the capital of Palestine. The Romans used Latin during this period, but Greek was spoken in the Eastern Empire. The cultures of these two regions were also different
Valentine Dynasty From AD 364 to 392, the Western Roman Empire was ruled by the Valentinian dynasty, whose capital was Rome. After the death of Julian, Valentine (I) was elected king by the Roman army in AD 364. He reigned for about 12 years. From AD 367 to 383, the son of Valentin (I) Gratian beca
The front page of the Petit Journal of July 12, 1914 reconstructs the assassination of the Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, François-Ferdinand of Austria, in Sarajevo, which will precipitate the First World War • WIKIMEDIA COMMONS It all started on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo with the assassinatio
The Stratigikon attributed to Emperor Maurice (539-602 AD) is one of the most important military writings of all time. Such a timeless work is naturally still applicable today, despite the fact that Cavalry have been replaced by state-of-the-art tanks. Mauritius, a military man himself, had deve
Exercising opposition to an established government is part of the political game and democratic systems assume it as something normal. But where power is absolute, things become more difficult and the problem is that, throughout history, this has been the general trend. That is why it is surprising
It may seem surprising that of one of the greatest Greek sculptors not even Roman copies of his works have survived. But that is what happens, if we pay attention to Pliny the Elder, Pausanias and others, with a sculptor whose life and work is wrapped, as if that were not enough, in several mysterie