Invention of steam engine At the beginning of the eighteenth century, in England in AD 1712, such a steam engine was invented which could give continuous energy to various types of machines. The advent of these machines forced the workers to rethink their future and destiny. The economies of the co
A series of atrocities in the name of religion With the rise of Christianity, religious strife and communal animosity took a violent form. Not only did the Jews crucify Jesus Christ, but they also found and killed secretly converting Christians around Jerusalem, creating a permanent wall of hatred
Martin Luthers Movement The atrocities perpetrated on scientists in the conflict between science and religion and the persecutions of Christian monks through the Inquisition inspired many Catholic Christians to think differently. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, a great leader named Marti
Although a movement called the Renaissance had started in Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century AD and people started thinking in a new way, the Roman Church considered itself so mature and unchangeable that it was based on new ideas, philosophical epistemology and scientific experiments. The
On 23rd April it was the day to bid farewell to us from the island of Java. Even today when I came to the hotel lobby for tea at 6 in the morning, the same girl, full of smile, was welcoming the guests standing at yesterdays place for tea. Today we had to catch a plane from Jakarta to New Delhi. I h
The Pope is the supreme religious leader of the Roman Catholic Church, the Bishop of Rome and the head of state of the Vatican. The literal meaning of Pope is father. It is derived from the Latin word papa which itself is derived from the Greek word papas. He is also called Pope (Father) and Holy Fa
The Catholic Church believes that there is an eternal God in this universe in the form of three persons—God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Together these three make up the Trinity. Catholicism believes that the church is the continuing presence of Jesus on earth. The Church informs G
The Roman Catholic Church does not mean a specific building but a worldwide institution. It is the largest Christian church in the world. The number of members of this church is more than one hundred crore. Their leader is the Pope, who heads the worldwide community of Christian bishops, ie clergy,
ABOUT 150,000 YEARS AGO Appearance of modern man: A new type of homo sapiens appears, it is the homo sapiens sapiens (modern man) . It evolved in a hostile environment, that of the last period of the Würm glaciation. – We are all descendants of Homo sapiens sapiens.– He is from East Africa.– He
ABOUT 200,000 YEARS AGO Appearance of Neanderthal man: The homo erectus gives rise to homo sapiens (wise man ), the first of which is Neanderthal man . This name is given to it because it was discovered in Germany in 1856 in the Neander Valley. – It has a rear-stretched skull and a large brain (
ABOUT 1.8 MILLION YEARS AGO:Appearance of Homo erectus: A new species of hominid develops in Africa , this is homo erectus (the trained man ). He is so called because he walks completely straight and upright. At this time, the savannah was dry and sparsely treed. Homo erectus therefore had to learn
ABOUT 2.5 MILLION YEARS AGO Appearance of homo habilis: A new species of hominid develops in Africa, it is the homo habilis (the clever man ). He is so called because he is able to make and use tools. The first Homo habilis skeletons were discovered in 1959 in Olduvai Gorge. It measures between
ABOUT 5 MILLION YEARS AGO Appearance of Australopithecus: The first type of hominid known to modern man is Australopithecus . This name comes from the Latin “australo” which means “which comes from the south” and from the Greek “pithèque” which means “monkey”. Australopithecus is no longer quite an
About 550 to 245 million years ago First signs of life: The first multicellular soft-bodied organisms appeared on earth about 550 million years ago (550,000,000). Around 510 million years before our era, the first creatures with a skeleton were born. The first fish and the first aquatic plants ap
Ecclesiastical context Catholicism being recognized as the only and true religion in the world, the Church arrogates to itself the right to make the law according to a certain interpretation of the New Testament:Jews, heretics, reformed and alleged witches are condemned to be burned alive in the p
The fall of kyiv dates from 1240 with the growing Mongol domination. Due to its impractical succession system, Kyiv is fragmented and, therefore, decentralized. Its power is then not strong enough to resist the invasion and kyiv can no longer defend itself against the nomads of the steppe. Its weake
The origin of Christianity in Russia is told by The Chronicle of Past Times , dated to the twelfth century. Before the tenth century, all the Slavs as well as the Varangians were pagans. At that time there existed in kyiv a Slavic mythology, and “a cult of nature and that of the deceased or ancestor
Æthelstan or Athelstan (c. 894 – 27 October 939) was King of the English from 924 until his death. He is considered the first king of England and one of the greatest monarchs of the Anglo-Saxon period in the countrys history. Son of Edward the Elder, Æthelstan was first recognized as king by the Me
Ubba Ragnarson (Ubbe or Hubba) is a son of the legendary Jarl Ragnar Lothbrok. He appears in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle as one of the Viking leaders (alongside his brothers Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan) who scoured Northumbria and took York in the late 9th century (ca. 866) He was killed while besi
866 – 954Monarchy statusJórvík capitalHistory and events 866 Capture of the city of York by the Vikings873 Annexation of Mercia944 York is taken over by Edmund I of England954 Death of Eric I; the kingdom is annexed to the kingdom of England Previous entities: NorthumbriaFollowing features : Kin
In 1347, the plague first entered the Mediterranean through trading ships carrying goods from the Black Sea territories of the Golden Horde. The disease then spread across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, claiming up to 60% of the population in a large-scale outbreak known as the Black Dea
The pyramid of Djoser, near Saqqara, whose particularity is to be in steps • ISTOCKPHOTO The oldest pyramid in Egypt, that of Djoser, erected around 4,700 years ago near the site of Saqqara, needed a major renovation. It took 14 years of work to revamp the old lady, seriously shaken by an earthq
Adam Friedrich Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia agreed to raise two infantry regiments to serve with the Austrian army fighting Frederick the Greats Prussians during the Seven Years War (1756-63). The 2nd of these regiments was the so-called Blue Regiment of Würzburg. The regiment began to b
When on May 12, 1191 Richard the Lionheart and Berengaria of Navarre were married in Limasol (Cyprus) after the English king had subdued the entire island, no expense was spared for the wedding banquet, within the possibilities of the moment. . It is not known what food or dishes were served for th