Robert de Bruce (Robert VI Bruce) (c. 1253 - 1304), 6th Lord of Annandale, Earl of Carrick in right of his wife, was a Scottish lord. He was the son and heir of Robert Bruce the Competitor († 1295), who from 1290 claimed succession to the throne of Scotland, being one of the two main claimants to t
Louis XI of France, called the Prudent, born July 3, 1423 in Bourges, died on August 30, 1483 at the Château de Plessis-lez-Tours (commune of La Riche, Indre-et-Loire), was king of France from 1461 to 1483, sixth king of the so-called Valois branch of the Capetian dynasty . This monarch pushed the l
LOUIS X LE HUTIN or THE QUARRELEUR (Paris, 1289 - Vincennes, 1316.) King of France (1314-1316). Son of Philippe IV le Bel.The reign of Hutin foreshadows Capetian decadence in all areas. When he succeeded his father in 1314, after having inherited Navarre nine years earlier, this monarch suffered th
33 - 67:Pierre 67 - 76:Lin 76 - 88:Anaclet 88 - 97:Clément Ier 97 - 105:Évariste 105 - 115:Alexandre Ier 115 - 125:Sixte Ier 125 - 136:Télesphore 136 - 140:Hygin 140 - 155:Pie Ier 155 - 166:Anicet 166 - 175:Sôter 175 - 189:Éleuthère 189 - 199:Victor Ier 199 - 217:Zéphyrin 217 - 222:Ca
John (December 24, 1166 or 1167 – October 18/19, 1216) was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1199 until his death. Fifth and youngest son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, John was not destined to ascend the throne or inherit any territory; he was there
Birth c. 940Death October 24, 996near Prasville Title King of the Franks(987 - 996) Coronation 3 July 987in Noyon CathedralInvesture Predecessor Louis VSuccessor Robert II Son of Hugh the Greatand ofHedwig of SaxonySpouse Adelaide of Poitiers Children Gisèle (969 - c. 1000)Edwige (970 - 1013)Robe
Henry V of England, born August 9, 1387 or September 16, 13871 at Monmouth in Wales and died August 31, 1422 at the Château de Vincennes, France; Duke of Cornwall and Lancaster, was King of England from 1413 to 1422. He was the second monarch from the House of Lancaster who succeeded the Plantagenet
WILLIAM THE BASTARDor WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR (Cliff, circa 1027 - Rouen, 1087.) Duke of Normandy (1035-1087) and King of England (1066-1087). Illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy Robert* le Diable and Arlette, daughter of a skinmaker from Falaise.Before his departure for the Holy Land (1034), D
NOGARET (Guillaume de) (Saint-Félix-de-Caraman, near Toulouse, second half of the 13th century - died in 1313.) Professor of law in Montpellier, and at the same time judge-magus of the seneschalsy of Beaucaire and Nîmes, Guillaume de Nogaret has several opportunities to stand out for his zeal for th
The Scottish Guard is an elite military corps created by Charles VII in 1422 to constitute the personal guard of the French sovereign. She was gradually integrated into the troops of the military household of the king. The origin of the Scottish Guard dates back to the year 882, when a contingent o
t (Born around 860 - La Fère, 898.) Count of Paris, then King of France. Eldest son of Robert the Strong, too young to succeed him when the latter was killed at Brissarthe in 866, Eudes had to wait until 886 to take possession of his territories.Count of Paris, he also possesses most of the regions
MARIGNY (Enguerrand de) (Lyons-la-Forêt, circa 1260 - Paris, 1315.) Advisor to Philippe le Bel. Having come to the Court at a very young age, cultured and intelligent, Enguerrand de Marigny knew how to win the good graces of Philippe IV le Bel.The latters wife, Jeanne de Navarre, from whom he was na
Born around 466 - Died in Paris, 511. King of the Salian Franks from 481 to 511. If the chronology of Clovis, that is to say Louis, remains rather imprecise (it is hardly known to us except through the History of Grégoire de Tours, written much later , circa 577). The historical importance of Clov
1084 - died in 1146 Son of a Turkish captain, founder of the Zenguide dynasty, he first had a brilliant military career in the Seljuk armies. He was made governor of Syria and Mesopotamia (1122), seized Aleppo, Homs, Hamah. Installed in Syria, he fights the Christians, then the Seljuks. He achieved
Toulouse, 1042 - Tripoli, 1105. Count of Rouergue and Toulouse. Son of Pons (1037-1060). Initially titled Count of Saint-Gilles, he successively inherited from his cousin Berthe (granddaughter of Raymond III of Rouergue) and from his older brother Guillaume IV of Toulouse (who disinherited his own
Baisy, near Genappe, Belgium, 1061 - Jerusalem, 1100. The Duke of Lower Lorraine, Marquis of Antwerp then Duke of Bouillon, was for a very long time considered the very type of the perfect Christian knight, model crusader, inspirer, leader and hero of the first crusade. He owes this usurped reputat
Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt. (Kipchak, Turkestan 1223, Damascus 1277)Baybars, or Bibars - el-Malik el-Zahir Roukn ed-Din el-Salihi el-Baybars (born around 1223 north of the Black Sea - died 1 July 1277 in Damascus, Syria) was Bahri Mamluk Sultan of Egypt from 1260 to 1277. He is sometimes nicknamed
A pontifical commission was appointed on December 22, 1313. It was made up of three cardinals and lawyers from the King of France and was to decide on the fate of the four dignitaries of the Order. Before this commission, they reiterated their confessions. On March 11 or 18, 1314, the four Templars
Interrogations and commissions of inquiry Since all the Templars of the kingdom of France were arrested, Philippe IV le Bel enjoined the European sovereigns (Spain and England) to do the same. All refused because they feared the wrath of the pope. The King of France was not discouraged and therefor
The fall of the Order of the Temple is also the subject of controversy. It would be the fact of the king of France Philippe IV le Bel who would have acted with the sole aim of appropriating the treasure of the Templars. However, the reasons why the order was decimated are much more complex and thos
Pl. berserker. [Who wears a] bear “shirt”, exact synonym of ûfhedinn:[who wears] wolf fur. Snorri Sturluson who sees in ber an idea of nudity and concludes that the berserkir went shirtless is probably wrong. Warriors. The berserkir are those wild or furious warriors who, under certain circums
When one thinks of chivalric military orders of the medieval era, the first names that come to mind are the Templars, the Hospitallers, the Teutonic Knights... they are the ones that accumulated the most power, the most famous and well-known, thanks to multiple studies, books, movies and comics. In
Built in August 1961, the Berlin Wall is the most symbolic evocation of the Cold War . 45 km long, bristling with barbed wire and guarded by many watchtowers, it was above all intended to prevent the East Germans from fleeing the communist regime. Between 1961 and 1989, at least seventy people died
In 1914, no European leader wants war, but everyone is convinced that the others love her. The announcement of the attack in Sarajevo it does not arouse any special impression in Europe; and Belgium is no different. The death of Franz Ferdinand, the inheriting archduke of the Habsburgs, does not con