A commandery was a monastery in which lived the brothers of the order in the West. It served as a rear base to finance the activities of the order in the East and to ensure the recruitment and the military and spiritual training of the brothers of the order. It was formed from donations of land and
To compensate for the weakness of their numbers, the Crusaders undertook the construction of fortresses in the Latin States of the East. The Templars participated in this momentum by having new castles built for their needs. They also undertook to rebuild those that had been destroyed by Saladin aro
The loan The Templars had to carry out an economic, commercial and financial activity to pay the costs inherent in the functioning of the order and the expenses of their military activities in the East. However, this activity should not be confused with that of banking. Usury, that is to say a tran
Hierarchy of the Order of the Temple in the East and Hierarchy of the Order of the Temple in the West. The Templars were organized as a monastic order, following the rule created for them by Bernard of Clairvaux. In each country a master was appointed who directed all the commanderies and dependenc
In military action, the Templars were elite soldiers. They showed courage and proved themselves to be clever strategists. They were present on all the battlefields where the Frankish army was and joined the royal armies from 1129. Second siege of Ascalon (August 16, 1153) The siege of Damascus havi
The crusaders as a whole were perceived by the Arabs as true barbarians, ignorant and childish. At the beginning of the 12th century, the Templars proved to be the most fanatical fighters that the Arabs had to face. However, outside the battlefield, we note that a certain religious tolerance animate
The horse An order of chivalry does not go without a horse. Thus, the history of the Order of the Temple was intimately linked to this animal. To begin with, a noble who was received into the order could donate his destrier, a fighting horse that the squires held at destre, that is to say on the ri
[...] because of our life you only see the bark that is outside. Because the bark is such that you see us having beautiful horses and beautiful dresses, and so it seems to you that you will be at your ease. But you do not know the strong commandments that are within. For it is a great thing that you
Admission requirements The commanderies had, among other things, the role of ensuring the permanent recruitment of the brothers. This recruitment should be as broad as possible. Thus, lay men of the nobility and the free peasantry could claim to be received if they met the criteria required by the
To fully exist, a monastic order needs the recognition of the pope. To grant it, the sovereign pontiff bases himself on a rule, a name and a habit. After the Council of Troyes, where the idea of a rule specific to the order of the Temple was accepted, the task of writing it was entrusted to Bernar
Birth It was around 1118 (date conventionally retained) that the militia of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (in Latin:pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici) was born, under the impulse of Hugues de Payns and Geoffroy de St-Omer. ), whose mission was to secure th
Godefroy de Bouillon was designated King of Jerusalem by his peers, a title he refused, preferring to bear that of Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre. He set up the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre, whose mission was to help the Patriarch of Jerusalem with all the tasks. A certain number of men-at-
Pope Urban II preached the first crusade on November 27, 1095, the tenth day of the Council of Clermont. The Popes motivation to see such a military expedition take shape came from the fact that Christian pilgrims heading to Jerusalem were often victims of abuses and even assassinations. The Pope t
templars It is necessary to begin with a warning to readers:the various and varied legends born around the order of the Temple appeared after its dissolution and do not relate to the history of the order, but to the history myths (see the article on legends about the Templars). Confusing the two
The turcopoles, or turcoples, were archers riding Arabian horses, lightly equipped and dressed in the Turkish style. In French, the word appears in the 12th century. The etymology seems to indicate that initially these auxiliary troops were made up of fighters of Turkish origin (polos =foal, in the
The Nizarians, Nizârites, Nizaris are a mystical Muslim community (Shî`ite Ismaili) active since the 11th century. In 1094, following a major split in Fatimid Ismaili Shiism, a new preaching (dawa al-jadîda) was organized by Hasan-i Sabbah, from the fort erected on Mount Alamut, to the south-west o
TEMPLARS (order of) seal of the temple The Order of the Temple was an international religious and military order that emerged from the Christian knighthood of the Middle Ages. It was created on January 13, 1129 from a militia called the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon. He w
Did the founders of Sainte-Marie-des-Allemands envision such a cruel fate for a militia tasked simply with protecting fellow pilgrims? The harvest of flesh and blood seems to be over and the Order has once again returned to its hospitable action. The Grand Masters no longer have the right of life an
Iran36° 27’ N, 50° 35’ E Archaeological site of Alamut Alamut is the name of a valley in the Elbrus massif south of the Caspian Sea, near the city of Qazvin, 100 kilometers from present-day Tehran, in present-day northwestern Iran. The fortress of Alamut, often simply called Alamut, reputed to be i
The Third Crusade, which began in 1189 and ended in 1194, was led by the Kings of France, England and the Emperor of Germany, with the aim of retaking the Holy Land from Saladin. Capture of Jerusalem by Saladin Saladin had reigned over Egypt since 1169 and had made the expulsion of Christians from
In 1516, the King of France, Francis I, obtained unprecedented power over the Church of the kingdom from Pope Leo X:the Concordat of Bologna. From then on, the king had nothing to gain by letting Protestantism spread, quite the contrary; the persecutions against the Huguenots started quickly with th
In Ekaterinburg, the royal family lodged in the Ipatiev villa, surrounded by a palisade so high that from inside you could not see the tops of the trees growing outside. A few days after the arrival of the family members, the jailers paint the tiles of their rooms white. It is in this house that in
The law of July 31, 1920 prohibits contraceptive methods and any advertising of means to limit births. Abortion is illegal in France. Women who practice voluntary termination of pregnancy are liable to criminal prosecution, which can go as far as a prison sentence. The birth control pill was develop
In the spring of the year 772 Charlemagne led a large army of Franks against the Saxons. He first took the fortress of Eresburg and then went into Saxon territory, destroying everything and obtaining a great booty of gold and silver. But before leaving the place he had the Irminsul destroyed. . T