Ancient history

• Richard the Lionheart:The Third Crusade

  Preparations Very absent from his kingdom of England, Richard preferred to devote himself to his French possessions and to the crusade in the Holy Land. Shortly after his accession to the throne (1189), he decided to join the third crusade, inspired by the loss of Jerusalem, taken by Saladin. But,

• Richard Coeur de lion:Revolt against his father Henry II

  Like the other legitimate children of Henry II Plantagenet, Richard shows little respect for his father and lacks long-term foresight and a sense of responsibility. In 1170, his brother Henry “the Younger” was crowned King of England, before his father died. He is so called to differentiate him fro

• Richard the Lionheart:Family and Childhood

  Richard was probably born at Beaumont Palace in England. Third son of Henry II of England (the eldest, called Guillaume, born in 1153, died at the age of three) and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard is not destined to succeed his father . He was, however, the favorite son of his mother (who had had two

• End of reign

  To restore the prestige of royalty and feed the countryside of Flanders, Philippe le Bel accepted in 1314 a series of fiscal, financial and monetary reforms prepared by Marigny. On November 24, however, while hunting in the forest of Pont-Sainte Maxence, the king was struck with a kind of paralysis

• The Templar trial

  And above all, because he could not bear the enormous power represented by the Templars, holders of considerable movable and immovable property, Philippe le Bel surrendered in 1307 to the arguments of Guillaume de Nogaret, who devoted a fierce hatred to the order. . The Templars were arrested on Oc

• Internal policy

  Inside the kingdom, Philippe, advised by his lawyers, wants to strengthen the monarchical authority in the same way. Enguerrand de Marigny, head of the royal administration, worked tirelessly to extend the authority of his master. Considering himself placed naturally at the top of the feudal pyramid

• Relationship with the Holy See

  One of the great concerns of Philip the Fair, the great affair of his reign is the conflict with the Holy See, the clash with Boniface VIII. The first incident broke out in 1296. In January, Philippe, always short of money, obtained from the Assembly of the Clergy the lifting of a tenth. Protest by

• Foreign Policy

  Abroad, Philippe IV wants to release France from the disastrous affair of Aragon. Nephew of Alphonse III of Aragon, he imposed peace on him in 1291. Anxious to extend Frances influence to the northeast, the king supported the rich urban patriciate of Flanders against Count Gui de Dampierre, an ally

• Personality

  (Fontainebleau, 1268 - 1314.) King of France (1285-1314), son of Philip III the Bold and Isabella of Aragon. Philippe le Bel, secret and controversial king, takes place among the sovereigns who worked tirelessly for the greatness of France.When his father dies in the castle of the King of Majorca, i

• the administrator

  Philip II therefore deserves his nickname of Conqueror. Yet his reign was not without setbacks; many French kings have known a military fortune equal to his; some have practiced strategy better. Also, what defines him more personally is his sense of organization, his administrative policy. One would

• return from crusade

  So here is Philippe returned to his kingdom. Having lost his hair, from an extreme nervous weakness, he recovers little by little and begins to think. Richard wants to keep showing off unnecessarily in the Holy Land Too bad for him if his opponent does a good job in his absence. With the complicity

• The crusade

  The role of Philippe Auguste in the Holy Land:has caused a lot of ink to flow. We have opposed and still oppose, not without some apparent truth, the chivalrous behavior of the Englishman to the subterfuges of the French. To the point of sometimes forgetting that Saint-Jean-dAcre was taken thanks to

• Youth

  PHILIP II AUGUSTUS or THE CONQUEROR (Paris, 1165 - Mantes, 1223.) King of France. The long-awaited and only son of Louis VII and Adèle de Champagne, he first received the nickname Dieudonné. Until the end of the Middle Ages, he was most often nicknamed the Conqueror. The appellation that has since i

• the crusader

  In stark contrast, he who is peace-loving among Christians and shows the greatest economy and wisdom in ordinary circumstances is obsessed with the already almost old-fashioned idea of ​​the crusade, and is belligerent, prodigal, and incredibly easy to deceive when it comes to the Orient. Despite B

• Foreign politic

  Outside, peace among Christian princes is the great purpose of his policy. He willingly declares:Blessed be the peacemakers and poses as the arbiter of Christianity. When he takes over the government of the kingdom, the quarrel between the Priesthood and the Empire is in a critical phase and, faced

• The king

  The day after his majority, he had to face new revolts from the great barons. A first attempt, led by Thibaud de Champagne and Pierre Mauclerc, was just a flash in the pan. But more formidable is the movement in 1241 triggered by Hugues de Lusignan and his wife Isabelle, widow of Jean sans Terre and

• The man

  (Poissy, 1214 - Tunis, 1270.) King of France ( 1226-1270). Son of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. His reign was one of the most prestigious in our history, to the point that the 13th century was called the century of Saint Louis.King at the age of twelve, after the sudden death of Louis VIII, he

• William Wallace

  Sir William Wallace, nicknamed William Braveheart Wallace, (c. 1270-1305) was a Scottish patriot who led his people against occupation by the English (Normans) under King Edward I of England, better known as Edward Longshanks or Edward the Dry. Her role during part of the Scottish wars of independen

• Vlad III Tepes the Impaler (Dracula)

  DraculeaVlad III the ImpalerVlad TepesWallachia Prince of Wallachia1448, 1456-1462 and 1476Vlad III the Impaler Vlad the ImpalerHis life1431:born in Schässburg/Sighisoara on ? DecemberFather:Vlad II the Dragon (Vlad Dracul) 1476:died in Bucharest on ?Spouses( Voivode Vlad III Tepes (“the Impaler”)

• Rollo

  ROLL (Rollo)(Died c. 930.) Norman leader, first duke and prince of Normandy (911-927). His life is not well known because we should probably only give credit relative to the abundant details given about him by a canon of Saint-Quentin, Dudon, in his History of the Dukes of Normandy. Of Danish origin