Son of a niece of Julius Caesar, Octave takes the name of Octavian when Caesar adopts him, for lack of offspring, and places him in his will as his successor. Octave was only 19 when the leader was assassinated. He imposes himself on Rome to assert his rights and avenge his uncle. He thus founded th
Coming from a humble family, a shepherd then a worker, he took part in the Bolshevik revolution in 1917. Nikita embarked on a political career and joined the central committee of the Communist Party of the USSR in 1934, and the Supreme Soviet in 1937. He played an active role in World War II defend
Son of a Hungarian immigrant and a French mother, Nicolas Sarkozy was born in Paris. A graduate in private law and political science, he joined the UDR (Union of Democrats for the Republic), a Gaullist party, in 1974. He was elected mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine at the age of 28, in 1983. Entering the
Adopted son of the Emperor Claudius, Nero takes over from his father when the latter dies, poisoned; he is only 17 years old. His decisions are strongly inspired by Seneca or his mother, Agrippina. But he is gaining confidence. Threatened by his half-brother, Britannicus, legitimate son of Claude, h
During the Revolution, the military operations of Napoleon Bonaparte, a general of Corsican origin, ensured him an undeniable prestige. His dazzling victory in Italy against Austria, the success of the expedition to Egypt contribute to this recognition. On his return, he seized power in the coup de
Born near Bordeaux, he came from a provincial noble family. If he is studying law to become a lawyer, he is also passionate about science. He anonymously published his first work in 1721, the __Lettres persanes , which have met with great success. He travels to Europe, and particularly to England, w
Born in 1931, Mikhail Gorbachev studied law at the University of Moscow, first joined the Communist Youth and then the Communist Party in 1950. He rose through the ranks as a party official before being elected secretary of the central committee ( 1978) and elected to the Politburo. Gorbachev was el
Trained in contact with Laurent Ist de Médicis, Michelangelo immersed himself in ancient culture and the humanist milieu. Leaving the Medici Palace in 1492, he left for Venice, then Bologna before creating the Piétà from St. Peters Basilica in Rome in 1498. Returning to Florence in 1501, he sculpte
He was born in Edirne in Thrace. Son of Murad II, Ottoman sultan, he was sent at the age of twelve to Manisa with his guardians. It was in 1444 that his father abdicated in his favour, leaving him to face many crises. The King of Hungary then took advantage of his youth to launch a crusade against h
Lawyer in 1781 then judge in 1782 in Arras, he participated in the drafting of the notebooks of grievances and was elected deputy of the third estate in 1789. He thus participated in the states general the same year. He became the principal leader of the Jacobin Club in 1791, defending the freedom o
Coming from a copper mining father, Luther was born in Thuringia (Germany). He joined the University in 1501 and studied law. He entered the Augustinian convent in Erfurt in 1505, was ordained a priest in 1507, became a monk in 1509 and a doctor of theology in 1512.Luther was indignant at the possib
Born in Paimpol, Brittany, to a policeman father and a peasant mother, he studied philosophy in Bordeaux. He joined the French Labor Party of Jules Guesde in 1892. At the age of 31, he became a municipal councilor in Bordeaux:his political career began. Very popular, he replaced Jules Guesde, then i
Antoine is the first lieutenant of Julius Caesar when he is emperor of Rome. He helps him to establish his authority, and obtains the function of quaestor in Gaul in -53.At the death of Caesar, in -44, a conflict of power opposes Marc Antoine, Octave Auguste and Lépide. Antoine is designated public
Louis-Philippe was successively Duke of Valois (1773-1785), Duke of Chartres (1785-1793), Duke of Orléans (1793-1830) then King of the French (1830-1848). As a child, he enjoyed an education nourished by liberal ideas. After joining the revolutionary party (like his father Louis-Philippe dOrléans,
The Bourbon Louis Stanislas Xavier, Count of Provence, is the brother of Louis XVI. When the latter tries to flee the Tuileries and the horrors of the Revolution, the one who is called Monsieur goes into exile in Brussels and then on the banks of the Rhine. On the death of his brother, he proclaimed
Grandson of Louis XV and last king of the Ancien Régime, Louis XVI was king of France from 1774 to 1791, then king of the French from 1791 to 1792. He married Marie-Antoinette in 1770 who gave him four children. He tried in vain to stem the financial crisis that was submerging the country with the h
Suffering from the wars of the Fronde as a child, Louis XIV never ceased to subjugate the nobility. The regency of his mother Anne of Austria ending with the death of Cardinal Mazarin who governed in the shadows, Louis XIV therefore seized full powers until his death, the ministers now having only o
Son of Henri IV and Marie de Médicis, Louis XIII was only 9 years old when his father was assassinated. He therefore grew up under the regency of his mother and of Concini, his favourite. Forced to marry Anne of Austria, Louis XIII did not have children until later, fueling desires for succession. U
Nephew of Napoleon Ist , son of Louis Bonaparte, he was the first President of the French Republic, elected on December 10, 1848 by universal male suffrage with 74.2% of the vote, before becoming Emperor of the French from December 2, 1852 to September 4, 1870 under the name of Napoleon III. He gre
Son of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious became king of Aquitaine at the age of three and, in 813, his father crowned him emperor. Close to the papacy, defender of Christianity, Louis the Pious, who inherited an immense empire, undertook a Reform of the Church (816-819) and continued the artistic Renaiss
A Helped to walk by a companion and badly wounded, he continues to lead them to combat without fainting Lieutenant Sans Huelín was only 20 years old when he was seriously wounded. He continued in battle supported by one of his men until the end. For this they awarded him the Laureate. Spanish
Noble Lady of the Vth Egyptian dynasty (between -2500 and -2300), Hetpet is a priestess of Hathor, goddess of fertility. She is buried among the notables of her time, near the pyramids of Giza. Priestess of Hathor Hetpets name has been known to us since 1909; excavations carried out near the pyra
As much as Sardar Patel was rich in determination, he was equally practical. He considered mediocre ideals to be futile and kept his eyes fixed on the goal all the time. So he used practical intelligence instead of coercion with the kings. He made his politics successful by luring the kings with man
An English magistrate had a craze that when a witness gave a statement in the court, the magistrate would have a mirror placed before him. The witness had to say his point while looking at the mirror. When in connection with a trial that magistrate also asked Vallabhbhais witness to give his state