Born in Alsace and of Jewish faith, Alfred Dreyfus chose French nationality when Germany annexed Alsace-Lorraine in 1871. He joined the French army. In 1894, following the discovery of a slip containing information on military secrets sent to the German enemy, Dreyfus was designated as the ideal cu
Adolphe Thiers was born into a bourgeois family. A scholarship student at the Marseille high school, a brilliant speaker, he studied law in Aix-en-Provence, where he became friends with the historian Auguste Mignet. Received as a lawyer in 1820, he moved to Paris, where Mignet protected him. He writ
Born in Scotland in 1723, Adam Smith studied in Glasgow and then Oxford before becoming the holder of a chair in philosophy at the University of Glasgow. Inspired by the philosophy of the Enlightenment and that of David Hume more precisely, he published in 1759 his Théorie sur les sentiments morales
An enigmatic character from the reign of Charles VII, Yolande of Aragon is the young Dauphins mother-in-law. Married to Louis dAnjou, she proved to be an excellent politician. Very quickly during the conflict that shook France, she protected the Dauphin Charles by keeping him in her castles in the L
Marie Walewska was Napoleon Is most famous mistress. Sent to the emperor by Polish partisans in order to bribe him, Marie manages to seduce the emperor who will fall in love with her. Taking the cause of his mistress, the Emperor created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. Marie Walewska gave him a s
French sailor. Commanding the squadron of Toulon, he was captured after his defeat against Nelson during the battle of Trafalgar, he was appointed admiral there and commanded the fleet of Cadiz. Released, he will commit suicide.
Drum of the Grenoble artillery. He participated in the siege of Toulon, and Bonaparte appreciated him for his audacity. He sustains the fire of the Austrians at Marengo and thus decides victory, he will receive a saber of honor. He will be captured during a battle, but he is freed in time to replace
A lawyer in Bordeaux, he was a deputy to the Legislative Assembly and then to the Convention, he put his eloquence and oratorical talent in the service of the Girondin party. From 1792, he supported Brissot, as did all the Girondins to wage war on Austria. On August 10, he is the president of the As
Elected by the Third Estate, he remained discreet. As a result of the Convention he voted the death of the king. In September 1793 he joined the Committee of General Security. He actively participated in the Terror, notably in the fall of the Indulgents. Then he breaks with Robespierre and promotes
Eudes de Châtillon became pope under the name of Urban II in 1088. Archdeacon in Auxerre, then monk in Cluny in 1070. In 1078, he became cardinal bishop of Ostia. He then presided over several councils. He must then face the schism of the imperial party, of which he triumphs. He continues the reform
Magistrate, he was intendant of Limoges from 1761 to 1774, putting into practice his theories (close to the ideas of the physiocrats ) and publishing his Reflections on the formation and distribution of wealth (1766). Comptroller General of Finances (1774-1776), he tried to apply a vast program of r
Son of Thierry I, he is a pious and prestigious king, he continues his fathers work by fighting against the Visigoths and Ostrogoths in the South where he invades Northern Italy and the Saxons in the East. His son Théodebald succeeded him.
He receives Austrasia on the death of his father Childebert II, he reigns first under the tutelage of his grandmother Brunehaut. With his brother Thierry II (Burgundy) he attacks Clotaire II (Neustria). After which he falls out with his brother, beaten he is taken prisoner then delivered to his gran
Son of Theodebert I, he inherited Austrasia, he was only 13 years old and was sickly by nature. He died at the age of 22, he had no male descendants, so he left his kingdom to Clotaire I who reigned over the whole kingdom.
Elder son of Clovis and a Rhineland princess (Ripuaire), Thierry took part in the battle of Vouillé and the fight against the Visigoths. He inherited the kingdom of Reims on the death of his father in 511, the territory most exposed to foreign threats. His son Theodebert I inherited his kingdom whic
Son of Dagobert III, King of the Franks from 721 to 737. On the death of his father, Thierry IV was removed from the succession to the throne in favor of Chilpéric II. Charles Martel, mayor of the palace, installed him on the throne upon Chilperics death, but played no role like the majority of lazy
He obtains Burgundy on the death of his father Childebert II, he invades Neustria of Clotaire II alongside his brother Theodebert II. But Thierry is offended by the attitude of his brother who signs a peace agreement with Clotaire, his grandmother Brunehaut then advises him to take up arms against h
Thierry III is the third son of Clovis II and Bathilde. In 673, on the death of his brother Clotaire III, Ébroïn, mayor of the palace of Neustria installed him on the throne of Neustria and Burgundy. But the Elders rose up and called on Childéric II, Thierrys other brother, who had him shaved. But C
Leaving for the first crusade in 1096 with his uncle Bohemond of Taranto, he seized Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. He distinguished himself at the siege of Antioch and was the first to plant his standard in Jerusalem. Invested with the principality of Galilee with Tiberias, he governed the principality
He took part in August 10 alongside the insurrectional Commune and was partly responsible for the September massacres. Conventional, he joined the Montagnards and opposed the Girondins. He was sent on a mission to Bordeaux during the Terror in 1793. After the arrest of his mistress (who was a noblew
Louis XI was the son of Charles VII and Marie dAnjou. He married Marguerite of Scotland in 1436 then Charlotte of Savoy in 1451. Dauphin, Louis XI created many difficulties for his father, he had to take refuge at the court of Philippe le Bon, Duke of Burgundy. From the beginning of his reign, he wa
Qiú Jǐn (1875 – 1907) is a Chinese poet, known for her feminist and revolutionary commitments and considered a major heroine in China. Women of China Daughter of officials from the city of Shaoxing (east China), Qiú Jǐn was born on November 8, 1875. Little is known of her life until her marriage,
Annie Smith Peck (1850 – 1935) was an American mountaineer and lecturer, who dedicated herself to promoting travel and exploration. I cant change Born October 19, 1850, in Providence, Rhode Island, Annie Smith Peck was the youngest of five children. Ann Power Smith Peck and George Bacheler Peck, j
Sovereign of the Taino people on the island of Ayiti, sister and wife of the cacique, Anacaona (1474 – 1503 or 1504) is famous for her resistance against Spanish colonization. Sister and wife of cacique Anacaona was born in 1474 on the island of Ayiti, now known as Hispaniola and divided between