In Europe, the axis is gradually weakening in the face of offensives from the West (on the French front), the East (on the Soviet front) and the South (after the fall of the Italian regime of Mussolini) . The Führer, sensing defeat coming for several months, ended up committing suicide on April 30,
The victory over Nazi Germany was the symbol of the alliance between the USSR and the United Kingdom. The Yalta and Potsdam conferences set up a tripartite and then quadripartite occupation with France and Germany. The status of Berlin is emblematic in this respect:although at the heart of the zone
The Second World War gave rise to confrontations mobilizing an industrial capacity never seen before. The combat tanks developed during the First World War have been greatly improved. Similarly, aviation is increasingly suited to offensive missions behind enemy lines. Germany is learning the lessons
Napoleon returned from the island of Elba on March 20, 1815 and, after restoring his power in Paris, he set about reconquering the Empire:this was the Hundred Days period. However, not all of France is won over to his cause, and the kingdoms of Europe united for the seventh time at the Congress of V
The Battle of Verdun takes place during the First World War, which opposes the Triple Entente (France, Great Britain, Russia) against the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy, the Austro-Hungarian Empire) In the minds of the belligerents (countries at war), the war was supposed to be short. Two years aft
Despite the German-Soviet pact, Hitler launched “Operation Barbarossa” on June 22, 1941, with a view to invading the Soviet Union. 3 million soldiers will open the Eastern front, facing a distraught Soviet army. The Germans reach the gates of Moscow in October 1941. However, the non-aggression pact
France has always had ambitions for the kingdoms of Italy. Grandson of Valentine Visconti, Duchess of Milan, King Louis XII thus legitimized his annexation of the Duchy of Milan in 1499 and that of Naples in 1501, by his ancestry. This is why Pope Julius II broke his alliance with the king and creat
In the XVIth century, the Ottoman Empire was at its height. Its domination over the Mediterranean was such that the Ottoman fleets plundered the European coasts, worrying the sovereigns and the Church, unable to defend themselves. The Christian coalitions and other crusades broke against the Ottoman
On December 7, 1941, an air attack led by Japan hit the American base at Pearl Harbor, located in the islands of Hawaii. Faced with this aggression, the Americans declared war on Japan on December 8, as well as on Germany on December 11. In an expansionist logic (desire to expand its territory beyon
The British Empire has been present since the end of the 19th century in Egypt. The British placed Egypt under its protectorate, then granted its independence in 1922, while leaving armed troops behind. Mussolini wanted to wage a war against the English to establish his authority in Africa (Italy wa
Women have always worked. They exercise limited professions and are excluded from the most prestigious professions. Womens work is perceived as an obstacle to family life:the woman is above all a wife and a mother. They can work only with the agreement of their husband. They are financially dependen
The law of July 31, 1920 prohibits contraceptive methods and any advertising of means to limit births. Abortion is illegal in France. Women who practice voluntary termination of pregnancy are liable to criminal prosecution, which can go as far as a prison sentence. The birth control pill was develop
The geopolitical situation in the Middle East has become more radical with Western interference in the 20th century. From the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the Gulf War, the climate of extreme tension favored the development of a radical Islamism for which the United States, taking part in all the
Julius Caesar climbed the steps of power in a meteoric rise; the Senate quickly named him dictator for life. In Antiquity, a dictator was one who received full powers from the Assembly to carry out a specific mission in a given time. But he assumes them for life. However, Caesar lacks a royal titl
Germany, since the last year of the world conflict, has been plunged into an insurrectionary climate due to the hardships of the war, the humiliation of defeat, but also to revolutionary struggles pushed by the communist influence coming from the East. In 1923, the economic crisis and hyperinflation
The First World War opposed the Triple Alliance, made up of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy, to the Triple Entente (France, Great Britain, Russia joined by Italy and the States). This war is bogged down in the trenches, leaving nations bloodless, especially Germany. Indeed,
The 1st September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. After the episode of the phoney war, where French troops faced German troops along the Maginot Line, the Germans launched a large-scale offensive on May 10, 1940 through the A
Art was born thousands of years ago... Of course, there are many unexplained artistic expressions, such as these geometric patterns created by Homo erectus dating from around -500,000 or the use of dyes like hematite from 100,000, while the art on the walls (parietal art) is now beyond doubt. 36,00
The way of life of the first men, in the Paleolithic era, was precarious, since it was nomadic. Around 450,000 BC, prehistoric man, Homo erectus, discovered fire. Then, little by little, Man becomes sedentary thanks, in particular, to the mastery of tools and the development of agriculture and lives
If the IIIth République establishes a certain French political stability, compared to the failures of the first two, the last years of the regime leave France in the grip of many upheavals. Indeed, the post-war euphoria has dissipated, and with it his hopes. The economic crisis of 1929 which plunged
A new blow - scientific this time - is coming to make things worse for traditional British pride. The builders of the famous Stonehenge monument, which is the pride of every good Englishman and Briton in general, seem to have come from the coasts of Asia Minor and Anatolia, according to a new geneti
May 31, 1754 (Granada) - December 25, 1818 (Paris) Pérignon, Catherine-Dominique, (marquis of) Catherine-Dominique Marquis de Pérignon, May 31, 1754 (Grenade-sur-Garonne) - December 25, 1818 (Paris), Marshal of the Empire (1804). From a wealthy family established in Languedoc (Grenade sur Garo
The gunboat is a light warship, armed with one or more pieces of artillery. With a shallow draft, the gunboat can operate in shallow waters (rivers, lakes, canals, etc.). It was widely used during colonization operations (Africa, Asia). Evolution At the end of the 17th century, the first gunboats
Germany had prepared its aggression carefully and long in advance. It is clear from Hitlers many statements and from his book Mein Kampf that the Führer regarded the Soviet Union as his main enemy and the essential obstacle to his domination of Europe and, subsequently, of the world. The circumstanc