Meeting on September 21, the Convention first decided to ratify the abolition of royalty before proclaiming, the next day, the birth of the French Republic, the first of its name. But, for the new assembly, the major decision remains the fate of the king. The Convention, which had just taken cogniza
Marked by the capture of the Tuileries and the massacre of its Swiss garrison , the day of August 10 essentially appears as the last phase of the monarchical revolution. Pressed by the people of Paris, the Legislative, in the face of a riot, which it fears it will not be able to curb, decides to sus
Assembly on October 1, the Legislative Assembly, elected by universal suffrage, amid general indifference, fairly well reflects the political tendencies expressed within the Constituent Assembly:264 Feuillants; 350 Impartials; 136 Jacobins (Girondins plus Montagnards). But, at the time when the Legi
Inconceivable for a clergy who saw themselves alienated from a political process which they largely disapproved of, condemned by the pope and unacceptable for a king firmly attached to the dogmas of the monarchy by divine right, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy revealed the misunderstanding esta
Louis XVI and the Constituent Assembly in the capital, ministerial despotism halted and the bases of natural law stated and recognized by the representatives of the French people, the Revolution seems to be able to calm down and evolve towards a system of constitutional monarchy. However, events wil
Since the French Revolution had taken a turn in the summer of 1789 that most people in the royal entourage had not expected, a first wave of court emigration took shape, helping to amplify the reflexes of fear of reprisals. From then on, an inextricable escalation in acts of subversion-repression be
July 12, 1789:Paris learns of Neckers dismissal. The people, exasperated by the high cost of living, the presence of large troops at the gates of the capital, and attracted by the orators of the Palais-Royal*—hence the rumor of an Orléanist plot—decided to go to the arsenals to arm themselves agains
Convened to resolve the financial crisis, the Estates* General placed themselves, from the outset, on conflicting ground. An inconsistent speech by Necker, useless formal vexations with regard to the third estate; the ambiguous attitude of the Court towards the problems of voting by order or by head
The old France is subject to an economic system with agricultural preponderance. The vast majority of the 25 million inhabitants of the kingdom of Louis XVI live off the land. However, this peasant France has a subsistence economy with low productivity, linked to the vagaries of time and family demo
(Decize, Nivernais, 1767 - Paris, 1794.) Politician , one of the main figures of the French Revolution.Of bourgeois origins, Saint-Just was the son of a light horse captain. In 1776, the latter moved with his family to Blérancourt, in the Aisne. The young Saint-Just completed his studies with the Or
(Boudry, canton of Neuchâtel, 1743 - Paris, 1793.) Publicist, doctor and politician.Son of a doctor of Sardinian origin established in Switzerland and a Genevan, Jean-Paul Marat studied medicine in Bordeaux, then in Paris, settled in London in 1765, then in Newcastle. While practicing medicine; he d
(Marie Paul Joseph Gilbert Motier, marquis de)(Château de Chavaniac, Auvergne, 1757 Paris, 1834.) General and politician.From a noble family in Auvergne, the future Hero of both worlds finds himself, from the age of two, orphan of a father, this one, colonel in the grenadiers of France, having been
(Arcis-sur-Aube, 1759 - Paris, 1794.) Politician, one of the most outstanding and controversial figures of the French Revolution, great patriot for some, venal politician for others. Son of a prosecutor in the bailiwick of Arcis, he completed his law studies in Paris, and joined the bar of the capi
An adage ensures that any revolutionary always finds more revolutionary than him to remove him from power. In the case of the French Revolution, the example of the Girondins perfectly illustrates the definition. In the Legislative Assembly, which sat for the first time on October 1, 1791, the right
Lets go children of the FatherlandThe day of glory has arrived!Tyranny against usThe bloody standard is raised Do you hear in our countrysideHow these ferocious soldiers roar?They come into your arms.Slaughter your sons, your companions! To arms citizensForm your battalionsLets march, lets marchOnl
Le Chant du Départ is a revolutionary song and a war anthem, written by Étienne Nicolas Méhul (for the music) and Marie-Joseph Chénier (for the lyrics) in 1794. It was the official anthem of the First Empire. This song was called the brother of La Marseillaise by the Republican soldiers. It was com
It is an anonymous and very popular revolutionary song created in 1792 when the National Assembly votes the Convention and decrees the arrest of the King. Originally from Piedmont, this song first reached the region of Marseille, before reaching Paris. It then became popular throughout France after
Ah! ça ira, ça ira, ça ira, a refrain that symbolizes the Revolution, was heard for the first time in May 1790. Its author, a former soldier street singer by the name of Ladré, had adapted innocuous words on the National Carillon, a very popular contredanse air due to Bécourt, violinist at the Beauj
Prelude:the financial crisis (1770-1787) It all started with a crisis in the royal finances of Louis XVI. The Crown of France, which is one with the kingdom of France, is awash in debt. During the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, several ministers, including Turgot, unsuccessfully proposed to ref
Declaration of Human Rights in Society Extract from the minutes of the National Assembly, August 20, 21, 23, 24 and 26 &October 1, 1787Accepted by the King on October 5, 1789 The representatives of the French people, constituted in the National Assembly, considering that ignorance, forgetfulness o
The British Empire has been present since the end of the 19th century in Egypt. The British placed Egypt under its protectorate, then granted its independence in 1922, while leaving armed troops behind. Mussolini wanted to wage a war against the English to establish his authority in Africa (Italy wa
Adam Friedrich Bishop of Würzburg and Duke of Franconia agreed to raise two infantry regiments to serve with the Austrian army fighting Frederick the Greats Prussians during the Seven Years War (1756-63). The 2nd of these regiments was the so-called Blue Regiment of Würzburg. The regiment began to b
In 1659, a year marked by the signature of the Peace of the Pyrenees , which put an end to a quarter of a century of war between France and Spain, the ambassador of the Republic of Venice in this kingdom, Domenico Zane, wrote a report that revealed the fateful internal situation of the once powerful
Various sects of Christianity Due to the ideas of Christianity spread by various disciples of Jesus Christ in the early centuries, different sects developed in Christianity which later became the biggest weakness of Christianity. There were bloody conflicts between these sects. The Latin sect of Ch