Date 2 Pluviôse year III (21 January 1795)Place Between Den Helder and the island of Texel, province of Friesland, NetherlandsIssue French capture of the Dutch fleetBelligerentsFrench DutchCommandersBrigadier General, Johan Willem de Winter, Lahure Battalion Commander for the H. Reyntjes InfantryOpp
Date September 20, 1792 Location Between Sainte-Menehould and Valmy French victory issue BelligerentsFrench Prussians CommandersGeneral Kellermann and General Dumouriez Duke of Brunswick Forces present50,000 men 80,000 men Losses300 dead 184 dead During the French Revolution, the battle of Va
The Battle of Fleurus of 8 Messidor Year II (June 26, 1794) took place between the allies (United Kingdom, Holy Empire, Electorate of Hanover) and France. The French win a decisive battle at Fleurus, between Charleroi and Namur, in the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium). The Allies, commanded by th
Charles-Maurice de, Prince of Bénévent (Paris, February 13, 1754 - id., May 17, 1838). Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, commonly known as Talleyrand, was a French politician and diplomat, born February 2, 1754 in Paris, died in the same city on May 17, 1838. Heir to a large family, lame, he
REGNIER , Claude-Ambroise, Duke of Massa (Blamont, November 5, 1746 - Paris, June 25, 1814). Lawyer in Nancy, deputy of the third estate of the bailiwick of Nancy in the States General, Regnier sat among the moderates. He was forgotten during the Terror, then entered the Council of Elders in 1795.
GAUDIN, Martin-Michel-Charles, Duke of Gaète (Saint-Denis, January 16, 1756 - Paris, November 5, 1841). Entering the administration of finances in 1773, Gaudin became in 1791 one of the six national treasury commissioners responsible for ensuring the transition from the old tax system to the ne
Joseph, Duke of Otranto (LePeIlerin, May 21, 1759 - Trieste, December 26, 1820). He was prefect of studies with the Oratorians of Nantes when the French Revolution broke out. He embraced the cause with ardor, and was elected in 1792 by the city of Nantes to the Convention, where he was a member o
DARU , Pierre-Antoine-Noël Bruno, Count (Montpellier, January 12, 1767 - Château de Bècheville, near Meulan, September 5, 1829). Provincial war commissioner since 1784, Daru became financial commissioner in 1792, then chief officer of the army of the coasts of Brest and Cher-bourg. Arrested some
CLARKE Henri-Jacques-Guillaume, Duke of Feltre (Landrecies, October 17, 1765 - Neuviller-la-Roche, October 28, 1818). A cadet at the Ecole Militaire in Paris in 1781, Clarke left his regiment of hussars in 1790 with the rank of captain for a post of attache to the London Embassy. Returning to the
CAMBACERES , Jean-Jacques-Régis, Duke of Parma (Montpellier, October 18, 1753 - Paris, May 1, 1824). Advisor to the Montpellier Court of Auditors, unlucky candidate for the Estates General in 1789, Cambacérès represented the Hérault at the Convention in 1792. He distinguished himself there by his
Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, viscount of (Fox-Amphoux, June 30, 1755 - Chaillot, Paris, January 29, 1829). “Noble as the Barras, as old as our rocks », used to say the people of Provence. The young Barras was a cadet gentleman at sixteen, served in India, attained the rank of captain, then resign
Marie-Joseph-Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie, better known as Joséphine de Beauharnais, (June 23, 1763, Trois-Îlets, Martinique - May 29, 1814, Rueil-Malmaison) was Empress of the French (1804-1809) , and wife of the Emperor Napoleon I. Daughter of Joseph Gaspard de Tascher (1735-1791), knight and lo
Princess Borghese (Ajaccio, October 20, 1780 - Florence, June 9, 1825). Pauline Bonaparte, born Paoletta, is the second daughter of Charles-Marie Bonaparte and Maria-Létizia Ramolino, and the most beautiful of Napoleon Bonapartes sisters. She was born on October 20, 1780 in Ajaccio, in the family
Queen of the Two Sicilies (Ajaccio, March 25, 1782 - Florence, May 18, 1839). Neapolitan peasant woman by Giuseppe Cammarano Born Marie-Annonciade Bonaparte in Ajaccio in 1782 and died in Florence (Italy) in 1839. She is the daughter of Carlo-Maria de Buonaparte and Maria-Létizia Ramolino, and
Princess of Lucques and Piombino, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (Ajaccio, January 3, 1777 - Villa Vicentina, August 7, 1820). Élisa Bonaparte (born Maria-Anna on January 3, 1777 in Ajaccio and died on August 6, 1820 in Trieste) was the sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. Thanks to a scholarship, she was edu
Ajaccio, August 24, 1749 or 1750 - Rome, February 2, 1836. At the age of fifteen, Maria-Letizia Ramolino married Charles Bonaparte on June 2, 1764. She gave him 12children, 8 of whom would reach adulthood. Charles died of stomach cancer in 1785, the family lives in poverty. The Revolution aggravate
King of Holland (Ajaccio, September 2, 1778 - Livorno, July 25, 1846). Louis Bonaparte (Lodewijk Napoleon in Dutch) (Ajaccio, September 2, 1778 - Livorno, July 25, 1846) was one of the brothers of Napoleon Bonaparte, son of Charles-Marie Bonaparte and Maria-Létizia Ramolino. He was King of Holland
King of Naples then of Spain (Ajaccio, January 7, 1768 - Florence, July 28, 1844). Joseph Bonaparte, (born in Corte, January 7, 1768 and died in Florence on July 28, 1844), lawyer, diplomat and soldier, King of Naples, then King of Spain, is the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was destin
King of Westphalia (Ajaccio, November 15, 1784 - Massy, Essonne, June 24, 1860). Jérôme Bonaparte, whose real name is Girolamo di Buonaparte, was born on November 9, 1784 in Ajaccio (Corsica) and died on June 24, 1860 at the Château de Villegénis (Seine-et-Oise) (nowadays Massy), son of Charles
Prince of Canino (Ajaccio, May 21, 1775 - Viterbo, June 29, 1840). Lucien Bonaparte, (born Luciano Buonaparte, Ajaccio, March 21, 1775, - Viterbo, June 29, 1840), Prince of Canino and Musignano, was the second of Napoleon Bonapartes brothers. Son of Charles-Marie Bonaparte and Maria-Létizia Ramol
Founded in the middle of the Middle Ages, the Ottoman Empire was a Muslim state of Turkish origin which, at its height (in the 15th-16th centuries), dominated a vast territory including the entire Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia. The founder of the Ottoman Empire was a 13th century warrior na
The Rodeleros (=shield bearers) got their name from the small round shield they carried. They were also called Espantasines, (=swordsmen), as they fought with the sword. These men formed the core of the forces of the infamous Conquistadores, but they also operated in Europe, in all the wars of Spain
War involves people. They operate even the most complex, inanimate, war machines. Yet even inanimate objects, even a metal monster, such as a tank, a ship, an aircraft, acquires a soul of its own in the eyes of those who live and fight in it, who remember their comrades dying in it. Years later, non
Phrygia , old Midwest neighborhood of Anatolia , named for a race that the Greeks called Phryges and who ruled Asia Minor between the Hittite collapse (12th century BC ) and the Lydian ascendancy (7th century BC ). The Phrygians, perhaps of Thracian origin, settled in northweste