Exercises on the Formation of Modern Nation States

(Pucsp) "The royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself. Kings are gods and participate in some way in divine independence. The king sees too much far and higher; it must be believed that he sees better..." (Jacques Bossuet.).

These statements by Bossuet refer to the context:

a) of the twelfth century, in France, in which there was a deep rupture between Church and State due to the fact that the Pope yearned for the exercise of monarchical power as a representative of God.

b) from the 10th century, in England, in which the Catholic Church acted in total agreement with the feudal nobility.

c) from the 18th century, in England, in which the Enlightenment conception of government was developed, as it is exposed.

d) from the 17th century, in France, in which the national monarchies were consolidated.

e) from the 16th century, in Spain, at the time of the union of the thrones of Aragon and Castile.

(UEL) Around the 16th century, it is associated with the formation of European national monarchies:

a) the demand for protectionism by the emerging mercantile bourgeoisie and the circulation of an absolutist political ideology.

b) the political-economic affirmation of the feudal aristocracy and the liberal ideological support for the centralization of the State.

c) overseas navigations and conquests and the desire to establish a free market world economy.

d) the growth of the contingent of peasant labor and the presence of the bourgeois conception of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

e) the emergence of a religious cultural vanguard and the strong influence of French skepticism defending the divine right of kings.

The Portuguese and Spanish National States were only effectively consolidated from the 15th century onwards. The formation of these two States, which are located in the Iberian Peninsula, is directly related:

a) to the alliance with the Dutch, who sold their domains to both States.

b) the expulsion of Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula.

c) to the agreement with the Caliphate of Cordoba, which ceded territories for the creation of these States.

d) to the agreement with the Roman Empire, which until then dominated the region.

e) to the Protestant Reformation, which completely changed the religious habits of the Iberian Peninsula.

Louis XIV of France was considered the model of an absolutist monarch. His expression “The State is I” translates a basic premise of the formation of the Modern State, which is:

a) the king as one who does not intervene in the state.

b) the king as the first citizen of the state.

c) the king as one who only symbolically has political power.

d) the monarch's generosity to his subjects.

e) the king as the source of national sovereignty.

Letter D

The conception of the divine emanation of the power of the absolute king was one of the main features of the strategy that “architects” of Modern National States, with Jean Bodin, developed to give legitimacy to this type of power. In the formation of European National States, the source of power, that is, sovereignty, was directly related to the figure of the monarch.

Letter A

The development of mercantile economic practice, articulated by the bourgeoisie, which became expressive at that time, was fundamental to the political project of the European National States, such as the Spanish, Portuguese, French and Dutch. the protectionist policy of the state. The Modern State controlled the economy, contrary to what was defended by liberalism in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Letter B

Spain and Portugal were only formed from the struggle against the Muslims, who had practically occupied the entire Iberian Peninsula during its expansion in the medieval period. The formation of these two states was also characterized by the strong presence of the Catholic religion in the region, a fact that gave the nickname of “Catholic kings” to the Iberian monarchs.

Letter E

The expression “The State is I” translates the idea that the king is the source of all political power. The men who make up the nation he ruled are not citizens, but subjects of the king. The political strength of the king consisted in being the legislator, the judge and the executor of the law. The absolute monarch personified the state.