Exercises on the Paris Commune

(UFRS) Consider the following statements about the Paris Commune.

I – It occurred as an immediate consequence of the crisis caused by the fall of Napoleon III and the consummation of the French defeat against Prussia in 1871;

II – He presented important measures of a popular-progressive nature, aimed at dissolving the standing army, separating the Church from the State, instituting free education and handing over the factories to the direction of the workers;

III – It was the most successful European historical example, in the 19th century, of the conquest of power by the liberal bourgeoisie.

Which ones are correct?

1. Only I.
2. Only II.
3. Only III.
4. Only I and II.
5. Only I and III.

Read the text below:

The ________ was the first experience of proletarian government in history. After the end of the _________, France was enveloped in an atmosphere that combined exacerbated nationalism, feelings of humiliation, resentment for the defeat for the ________ and class hatred of the workers, who blamed the bourgeoisie for the outcome of the war. On March 18, 1871, the workers revolted against the republican government and constituted a central committee, which created an organ of revolutionary government formed by ________________, elected by direct vote and identified with the struggle for _______. That's how the _________ was born.

Now, indicate which alternative contains the words that correctly fill in the blanks, according to the facts of the cited historical phenomenon.

1. Russian Revolution, World War I, Germans, Red Army soldiers, socialism and the Russian Revolution.
2. French Revolution, Seven Years' War, English, representatives of the aristocracy, capitalist and French Revolution.
3. Paris Commune, Franco-Prussian War, Germans, representatives of the working population, socialism and the Paris Commune.
4. Paris Commune, Franco-Prussian War, British, Clergy, Catholicism, and Paris Commune.
5. French Revolution, Franco-Prussian War, British, representatives of the working population, capitalism and the French Revolution.

Louis-Eugène Varlin was a French bookbinding worker who actively participated in the revolutionary process that culminated in the Paris Commune. In March 1871, he wrote a text in which he stated that:

“while our statesmen seek to replace the regime of personal government with a parliamentary and liberal government (Orléans style), hoping in this way to deflect the advance of a revolution that threatens their privileges , we socialists, who know from experience that all the old political forms are powerless to satisfy the popular demands, we must, taking advantage of the mistakes and lapses of our adversaries, hasten the hour of liberation. We must actively dedicate ourselves to the preparation of the elements of organization of the future society, in order to make the work of social transformation that is imposed on the Revolution easier and more accurate.”

(La Marseillaise, nº 81, March 11, 1871).

About the Paris Commune, point to the incorrect alternative :

1. The Republican Government led by Thiers was formed to replace the Empire of Napoleon III.
2. The fall of Napoleon III was due to the French defeat in the Seven Years' War.
3. One of the goals of the Paris Commune was to carry out a revolution that would trigger a social transformation that would give power to the workers.
4. The military forces formed to protect the Commune from attacks by the French and Prussian army had as a principle the election of officers through direct vote.
5. With the declaration of the Paris Commune, the Republican Government led by Thiers took refuge in Versailles, from where the counter-offensive started.

(FGV) To this day, people dream of a perfect, fair and harmonious society - utopian. In the 19th century, Romanticism produced many utopias, which influenced two different ideological currents:socialism and nationalism. From 1848 onwards, such ideas passed to the concrete field of social struggles in Europe. In the new areas of colonial rule, the nascent nationalism assumed the character of a struggle against exploitation and foreign presence. Respectively, the movements that exemplify socialism, nationalism in Europe and nationalism against European rule are:

1. the Paris Commune, the unification of Germany and the Boxer Revolt.
2. Luddism, Greek independence and the Sepoy War.
3. the Socialist International, the Porto Revolution and the Opium War.
4. the Praieira Revolution, the independence of Belgium and the Boer War.
5. Chartism, the unification of Italy and the Meiji Revolution.

Analyze the two images below about the Paris Commune:

Both portray the Commune and also the female figure. About the two images, it is correct to say that:

1. The image the is positive in relation to the Paris Commune.
2. The image b is negative towards the Paris Commune.
3. The image b it is a celebration of female participation in the clashes.
4. The image the portrays the Paris Commune as a woman who is building a new Paris.

Letter D . The liberal bourgeoisie failed to impose its political aspirations within the political organization of the Paris Commune.

Letter C . The Paris Commune was really the first experience of a proletarian government in history, formed by workers in opposition to the republican government that had capitulated to the Prussians.

Letter B . The fall of Napoleon III was due to the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War.

Letter A.

Letter C . The image b is a portrayal of the role played by women in the defense of the Paris Commune, highlighting the principle of equality between the sexes preached by the Communards.