The Muslim Brotherhood, or Islamic Brotherhood, is an international organization that was founded in 1928 by Hassan Al-Banna. Recently, this organization became known in the media around the world because of:
a) the fall of Saddam Hussein, who persecuted this organization.
b) the war between Lebanon and Israel.
c) of Operation Wrath of God, undertaken by the Palestine Liberation Organization.
d) of the Arab Spring.
e) of the Prague Spring.
question 2(ESPM) Morsi's victory put to the test the articulation of the Muslim Brotherhood, an organized group that spent most of its existence in hiding, banned by both Nasser and Mubarak. The strategy for participating in Egyptian political life was to infiltrate its members into small parties in local elections. Thus, little by little, he managed to compose a majority in Parliament, followed by the Salafists, a reformist line based on the strict orthodoxy of Islam and the second political force in the country today. When Mubarak fell in 2011, the group was the most organized group and prepared for the elections with the foundation of the PLJ . (Source:Uncertain Future. Letter at School, August 2013.).
About the geopolitical context of the country mentioned in the text, it is correct to say:
a) The military junta that took power after the overthrow of Mohamed Mursi is linked to the Muslim Brotherhood.
b) The country is a member of OPEC and the serious political crisis that affects it is a matter of concern for Western powers that support the regime of the recently elected president.
c) The Suez Canal is a cornerstone in this matter, and its internationalization, carried out by Mubarak, was the main reason for its overthrow by the disaffected Egyptians.
d) President Mohamad Mursi, linked to the Muslim Brotherhood, was Egypt's first democratically elected president, but did not complete his term.
e) The Muslim Brotherhood came to power through Mohamad Mursi, but failed to compose a majority in Parliament, which led to the president's impeachment.
question 3Osama Bin Laden, who was the leader of Al-Qaeda and responsible for the organization of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, had as an intellectual mentor a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. Many leaders of Islamic terrorist groups have read and been inspired by the books of St. Qutb, the main ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood. Based on these statements, it is correct to say that:
a) in Qutb's thinking there was never any position against the Western world.
b) the Muslim Brotherhood is a democratic organization and defender of freedom.
c) Bin Laden had democratic ideas, infused by the Muslim Brotherhood.
d) Islamic terrorism has no connection with the Muslim Brotherhood.
e) Islamic terrorism can be directly associated with the Muslim Brotherhood.
question 4According to researcher Lawrence Wright, the main ideologue of the Muslim Brotherhood, Saiyyd Qutb, defined the jahiliyya as a “[...] period of ignorance and barbarity that preceded the reception of the divine message by the prophet Muhammad. Qutb employs the term to encompass all of modern life:habits, morals, art, literature, law, and even much of what passed for Islamic culture. He was not opposed to modern technology, but to the worship of science, which he believed had alienated humanity from natural harmony with creation. Only a complete rejection of Western rationalism and values offered a faint hope for the redemption of Islam. Here is the choice:pure and primitive Islam, or the decline of humanity.” (WRIGHT, Lawrence. The Shape of the Towers:Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 . São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 2007. p. 29.).
We can say, from this excerpt from Wight, that Qutb's ideas were born:
a) the perspective of Islamic Democracy.
b) scientific thinking in the Middle East.
c) modern Islamic radicalism.
d) the return of pure and peaceful Islam.
e) the opening to the understanding of the western world.
answers Question 1Letter D
The Arab Spring, which took place between 2011 and 2012, put the Muslim Brotherhood in the spotlight, especially as this organization was responsible for several rebel uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa.
Question 2Letter D
Despite being democratically elected, President Morsi embodied the political-religious precepts defended by the Muslim Brotherhood - which preaches, among other things, a return to the primitive origins of Islam and the implementation of Sharia (the Islamic Law). Because of this attitude, the Egyptian population rejected the elected president, who was forced to resign.
Question 3Letter E
Terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda or the Islamic State are led by people who have been directly or indirectly influenced by St. Qutb and other Muslim Brotherhood ideologues. The Muslim Brotherhood advocates the radicalization of Islam and the implementation of Sharia in all territories occupied by Muslim peoples.
Question 4Letter C
With Qutb a new form of Islamic radicalism was born, which, in its traditional version, was defended by Wahhabism and Salafism. The radicalism of the Muslim Brotherhood is modern because it makes use of modern technology (such as the internet) to elaborate its articulations and also because it makes use of guerrilla and terrorism techniques, typical of the 19th and 20th centuries, to carry out its atrocities. in the name of defending Islam.