Exercises on the Bosnian War

(Unesp - adapted) The territorial division of the former Yugoslavia gave rise to six new countries. Check the alternative that contains the name of these countries.

a) Czech Republic, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro.

b) Albania, Macedonia, Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro.

c) Romania, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro.

d) Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro.

e) Bulgaria, Bosnia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro.

(UFV- adapted) The arrest of former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic in June 2001 was another chapter in the intense separatist and ethnic conflicts that erupted in Europe during the 1990s twentieth century, among which we can mention the Bosnian War. One of the elements that contributed to the emergence of these conflicts was:

a) the intensification of the process of repression of religious cults by the central government of Moscow.

b) the entry of Yugoslavia into NATO, contrary to the military interests of the socialist bloc in Europe.

c) the formalization of the European Union, contrary to the interests of Yugoslavia and Serbia.

d) the end of the USSR, expanding the autonomy of the former republics that made up the socialist bloc.

e) land disputes between Jewish settlers and Serbian separatists in Yugoslav territory.

Finally, on October 15, 1991, with the conflict in Croatia reaching a very intense and decisive stage, Karadzic addressed Izetbegovic during a session of the Bosnia and Herzegovina parliament :“They intend to lead Bosnia and Herzegovina down the same path of hell and suffering, similar to what Slovenia and Croatia are going through. Do not think that you will lead Bosnia and Herzegovina to hell, and do not think that you will manage to prevent the Muslim people from being led to annihilation, because Muslims will not be able to defend themselves in the event of war. How are you going to prevent all your people from being killed in Bosnia and Herzegovina?”, he warned.

NIKSIC, Stevan and RODRIGUES, Pedro Caldeira. The Balkan virus:the case of Yugoslavia. Lisbon:Assírio &Alvim, 1996, p. 122.

The text above features a speech by Radovan Karadzic in the Bosnian parliament. Karadzic was an important figure in the context of the Bosnian war and:

a) represented Bosnian Muslims.

b) represented Bosnians of Croatian and Catholic origin.

c) represented Bosnians of Serbian and Catholic origin.

d) advocated the maintenance of Yugoslav borders under a triad government represented by Serbs, Croats and Bosnians.

e) represented supporters who sought to rescue the principles of the Ustaše, a movement of Croatian origin that had the support of Bosnian-Muslims during World War II.

After the war, Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, and Ratko Mladic, commander of Serb troops in Bosnia, were considered war criminals and recently arrested. Karadzic was sentenced to 40 years in prison, and Mladic is awaiting a sentence scheduled for the end of 2017. Among the war crimes committed by Serbs in the Bosnian war, the following stand out:

a) the Srebrenica massacre, in which 8,000 Bosnians were murdered by Serb militias.

b) the formation of the Jasenovac concentration and extermination camp.

c) the bombing of Belgrade.

d) the destruction of the Sarajevo mosque.

e) the extermination of Bosnians in Banja Luka, Srpska Republic.

Letter D

The six nations that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia were Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, the Serbian province of Kosovo declared its independence, however, there was partial international recognition. Thus, some countries do not consider Kosovo an independent country, but a Serbian province.

Letter D

The end of the Soviet Union contributed to the process of Yugoslavia's fragmentation, as the central government in Moscow sought to maintain the stability of the countries that formed the socialist bloc, especially in Europe. Furthermore, the fragmentation of the Soviet Union into fifteen new nations motivated the separatist movements in Yugoslavia to seek independence.

Letter C

Radovan Karadzic was the leader of the SDS (Serbian Democratic Party) and represented the Serbian population that adhered to Orthodox Christianity. Karadzic advocated annexing to Serbia the territories inhabited by Bosnian Serbs to form a great nation of Serbs. When the war broke out, Karadzic became president of Republika Srpska, an autonomous entity created by Serbs who inhabited Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Letter A

The best-known war crime committed by the Bosnian Serbs was the Srebrenica massacre, in which Serb militias, led by Ratko Mladic, invaded Srebrenica and killed around 8,000 Muslims towards the end of the war. . The victims were civilians, and the case was considered a genocide promoted by Serbs in Bosnia. Another well-known case was the Serbian siege in the city of Sarajevo, over 44 months, which killed 10,000 people.