Scipio the African (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus) was a Roman general and statesman, born in 235 BC. AD, and died in 183 BC. J.-C., in Liternum in Campania. His tomb and his remains are in the city of Colonia Nerviana Augusta Martialis Veteranorum Sitifensium (Sitifis), capital of Setifian Nu
Massinissa (MSNSN-Massinissan, on the bilingual inscriptions of Cirta (current Constantine in Algeria), called by the Latin authors Massinissa), is the first king of unified Numidia. Son of the king (agellid in Berber) Gaïa (G.Y.Y, Punic inscription), son of Zelalsan, son of Ilès. He was born aroun
Magon Barca, who died in 203 BC. AD in Liguria, was a Carthaginian general, member of the Barcid dynasty and brother of Hannibal Barca. He takes part in the invasion of Italy with his brothers, submits Samnium and Bruttium and brings the news of the victory to Carthage. He is put at the head of a c
Hasdrubal the Beautiful, also known as Hasdrubal the Elder, born around 270 BC. J. - C. in Carthage and assassinated in 221 av. J.-C., is a Carthaginian general. He is the son of Hannibal de Gisco and the son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca. He leads the Carthaginian forces in Spain after the death of Ha
Hasdrubal Barca, born in 245 BC. AD and died in 207 BC. J.-C., is the second son of Hamilcar Barca and the brother of Hannibal Barca and Magon Barca, members of the Barcid dynasty. He took part in the Second Punic War and commanded Carthaginian troops in Spain in 218 BC. He first experiences setbac
Theodor Mommsen German historian and philologist (1817-1903), Nobel Prize winner in 1907, publisher of the gigantic Corpus of Latin inscriptions, author of the History of the Romans in eight volumes, as well as works on Roman law. Text Success had crowned the projects born of the genius of Hamilc
ANNIBAL by Cornelius Nepos I. Hannibal, son of Amilcar, was born in Carthage. If it is true, as no one doubts, that the Roman people were the most courageous in the universe, it cannot be denied that Hannibal was the greatest captain who ever lived, as superior to other generals as Rome has been to
Deuxième Guerre Punique Lieu:Italy, Sicile, Spain, Gaule cisalpine, Gaule transalpine, Afrique, Greek îles Puniques, la Numidie un allie independant de Rome CommandantsPublius Cornelius Scipio,Tiberius Sempronius LongusScipion of Africa,Flaminius Nepos,Fabius Maximus,Claudius Marcellus,Lucius Aemil
In -243, the Romans, having reconstituted their fleet, were ready to resume the fight at sea. After several minor engagements in -242, their new fleet won, in -241, a decisive victory off the Aegadian Islands over the Carthaginians who ends the conflict. The Carthaginians accept the terms of the tr
Encouraged by these victories, the Romans decided to bring the war to Africa in -256. Led by Regulus, the troops landed in Africa were crushed by the Carthaginians, led by the Spartan general Xanthippe, in -255 at the battle of Utica, and the Roman fleet was destroyed the same year by a storm. Tired
After some success on land against the Carthaginians and the surrender of several cities, the Romans imposed a 15-year truce on Hieron of Syracuse, and returned his prisoners to him for ransom. Syracuse retains its territory, and leaves the Carthaginians alone against the Romans. Despite this setba
Rome hesitates to intervene, the Mamertines are of Italian origin, which could encourage solidarity, but they are rebel soldiers installed by force. This delay is taken advantage of by the Carthaginian general Hannon the Great, son of Annibale Barca:he lands with an army in Sicily, reinforces the Ca
At the beginning of the 3rd century, two independent Greek colonies faced each other on the Strait of Messina:Messana in Sicily, Rhegium at the tip of the Italian boot. Their most powerful neighbors are Taranto and Syracuse. In 289 BC. AD, with the death of their employer, Agathocles of Syracuse, t
In order to celebrate the divine essence of Rome Livy and other historians have created the legend of the origins of the city. Aeneas flees from Troy and comes to seek refuge on the coasts of Latium. One of his descendants unites with Mars and gives birth to twins:Romulus and Remus who were suckled
HAMILCAR I. Amilcar, surnamed Barcas, was son of Hannibal and citizen of Carthage. Towards the end of the first Punic War, he was appointed, still very young, general of the army of Sicily. Until then the Carthaginians had suffered only setbacks on land and sea. As soon as he arrived, they began to
On the side of the African metropolis, money played a very big role for the army, insofar as Carthage used mercenaries. No upheaval, it seems, has taken place in the military field. On the other hand, although the Punic ost did not have its own Polybius either, we know its organization better, thank
The Celtiberians provided other elements to the heavy infantry, soldiers armed with spears and swords, protected by a large shield, a helmet and a coat of mail. As for the light infantry, it was shared between Iberian troops, the famous caetrati, named after the little shield they used to protect th
The Celts recognizable by their long sword, their large shield, their torc (necklace), their trousers... and their somewhat shaggy appearance helmet and their shield. Only a few wore chain mail. Excerpt - Livy The aspect of the Gauls surprised and filled with fear because, according to the cus
Relations between Rome and Carthage were cordial for a long time, in fact as long as the Greek domination of the Mediterranean world lasted. Indeed, trade agreements were concluded in -508, -348 and -306, as well as a mutual defense treaty in -279. In addition, Carthage sent a fleet in -279 to Ostia
Spendios, who died in 238 BCE, was a Campanian mercenary leader. He was extraordinarily strong and courageous. A former slave defector from the Romans, he was ready to do anything to not be returned to his master, which would have meant certain death for him. He was the main responsible for the bre
In ancient Greece, if citizens had rights and duties, their participation and presence were not compulsory. However, as political life encroaches on the active life of citizens, sometimes depriving them of a days work, and therefore of salary, the latter willingly abandon their presence in the assem
The infamous Battle of Waterloo largely decided the European balance for about 100 years. She has connected her name with the dramatic advances of the Scots Grays and the Polish Lancers, the attack of the French cavalry on the British squares, the defeat of the infantry of the Imperial Guard. Howeve
Since the French Revolution began in 1789, European monarchies have feared the spread of Enlightenment ideas. They then decide to join forces to fight France. The first coalition took place from 1793 to 1797. The second coalition (England, the Two Sicilies, Turkey, Russia and Austria) began in 1799.
Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band is largely responsible for making The Beatles one of the most famous rock bands of all time. Currently, the segmentation of the musical field into a broad series of musical genres makes it increasingly difficult to perceive idols capable of representing a large