In Celtic mythology, the Gallic god Belenos (Latin Belenus) is comparable to the Apollo of the pantheon of Greek mythology. It is sometimes referred to by the theonym of Maponnos, it is the equivalent of the Irish Diancecht. His consort is Belisama, the very brilliant one. He is a luminous god, who
Snorri Sturluson and the Vôluspâ report a memorable confrontation between Aesir and Vanes, which would have ended in an exchange of hostages (Kvasir [Njördr in another version] on the part of the Vanes, Hoenir and Mimir for the Aesir) and by peace. According to Vôluspâ, a magician, Gullveig (“Golden
From aballos, apple and fruit par excellence. Celtic toponym preserved in particular in the name of Avallon (department Yonne, France) and in that given to one of the Blessed Islands of the Other World of the island tradition, where King Arthur, wounded at the battle of Camlann, heals his wounds, t
Homers Odyssey has a particularity:although appealing to the marvelous, the poem is not entirely set in a virtual world. The story abounds with geographical or social details, which fascinates researchers. Note: The excerpts from the Odyssey are taken from the translation of the poet Leconte de L
Mithra or Mithras is an Indo-Iranian god, son of Anahita, whose cult reached its peak in Rome around the third century AD. Mithraism was then a competing religion of Christianity. His worship was especially very popular in the armies, which led to a fierce rivalry between believers of the two relig
Scipio, master of Megara, will undertake the blockade of Carthage; he first had a 4.5 km long ditch dug which completely blocked the isthmus and behind which he set up his camp; another ditch, parallel, will protect him on the land side, and finally two perpendicular ditches will lock up his troops
In Rome, the failures of Pison coming after those of Manilius and Censorinus cause great discontent. The popularity of Publius Scipio becomes such that; presenting himself only to the curule aedility, he was elected consul despite his young age. He is not yet the 43 years old required by law; but un
The besieged in turn take the offensive. One night, they cross the ditch of the Roman camp on the isthmus with the help of long planks and begin to tear down the palisade and attack the enemy. There is panic among the troops of Manilius, once again Scipio, by a bold maneuver, will save them by charg
At the end of spring - 149, the two consuls nevertheless decide to enter the campaign. They share the task. Manilius will attack the triple enclosure established on the isthmus, while Censorinus is heading with other troops and the fleet towards the coastal strip which separates the lake and the Gul
It seems, according to the historian Polybius, that the two walls built in front of this rampart were in accordance with the instructions of the “Treaty of fortifications of Philo” written towards the end of the 3rd century BC. J.-C. because with pétroboles (machines for throwing stones) and gantrie
Fight and resist It is with lowered heads that the ambassadors return to the city, anxiously awaited by the people who watch for them from the top of the walls. All understand that the news is bad and pester them with questions, but they want to warn the senate first. The session begins as the crow
Censorinus orders are brief and fall like a cleaver:Leave the city of Carthage, transfer your dwellings to any place you wish in your territory, provided it is 80 stadia (14 km) from the sea. For we are determined to destroy it. The reaction of the Carthaginians is spectacular. With a single cry, th
A War of Nerves A war of nerves then begins. The senate is vague and disturbing; no details are given on the Roman demands, but the levies of soldiers continue. Four legions are sent to Sicily in the spring - 49 under the orders of the two consuls Manilius and Censorinus. A fleet of fifty quinquere
Then the men in charge of clearing the ground arrive with axes and fangs; they drag towards the prepared holes, pell-mell the dead and those who are not yet dead and heap them there amid the stones and beams. Here and there we see a leg sticking out that is still shaking, heads that the horses crush
During the same night and the following day, the besieged repaired their wall and erected towers there from place to place. But Scipio, in front of the towers, raises mounds from which his soldiers throw vases filled with sulphur, pitch and burning pieces of wood. The Carthaginians must evacuate thi
The struggle is fierce; the many small Punic vessels do wonders by slipping under the oars of the galleys, piercing the prow, tearing off the rudder, withdrawing as quickly as they return. However, the battle is indecisive and Hasdrubal decides to interrupt it to continue it the next day. The smalle
Beaten in 202 BC. J.-C., Carthage asks for peace, which proves very hard for her. In addition to paying a heavy indemnity, she must destroy her fleet and disband her army. The independence of the Numidians, his turbulent neighbors, previously under his tutelage, is proclaimed. She has no right to ma
Third Punic War Date -149 to -146Location CarthageTerritorial changes Destruction of CarthageOutcome Decisive Roman victory BelligerentsRoman Republic CarthageCommandersScipion Emilian HasdrubalOpposing forces40,000 90,000Losses17,000 62,000 BattlesCarthage The Third Punic War was the last phase
Cato (Marcus Porcius Cato) known as Cato the Elder (Cato Maior), also called Cato the Censor (Cato censor), was a Roman statesman and writer, born in 234 BC. AD in the municipality of Tusculum and died in 149 BC. AD Born of an obscure family; he first served under Fabius Maximus during the Second P
Reactions in Rome after the fall of Sagunto It was almost at the same time that the deputies, returning from Carthage, announced only hostile dispositions, and that the ruin of Saguntum was learned. (Then the senate, dismayed, and deeply touched by the fate of an allied people who had perished in
Interesting photo, right? Corresponds to the German submarine U-118 washed up on Hastings beach , Sussex (England), after the First World War . Although most of the German fleet was imprisoned in the bay of Scapa Flow, in the Orkney Islands (Scotland), some units were left behind and this was one
The grand ceremonial staircase leading to the performance hall, salons and foyers of the Paris Opera • WIKIMEDIACOMMONS In September 1909, the Parisian newspaper Le Gaulois publishes the first episode of a soap opera entitled The Phantom of the Opera . The author, Gaston Leroux, who had not yet
The Roman Church already separated in the XIth century of the Eastern Church. She knew how to impose herself in Europe by successfully fighting many heresies. But since the Great Schism of the West, at the end of the XIVth century, the Church is in full decline. Critics abound in the 16th century:th
Jerry Toner refers in his book Sixty Millions of Romans:The Culture of the People in Ancient Rome (Crítica, 2012) that laughter was probably the trait that marked the spirit of leisure of the «non-elite»:it was the weapon at hand to mock the pretensions (and exclusions) of «official» culture. Caesar