In modern times, the prince demands the same from arts and sciences, through patronage and academicism. It maintains scholars and artists, protects them and offers them a space of freedom to at the same time control and standardize science under an orthodoxy. Moreover, the utilitarian aspect is not
The Triangular Trade refers to the process of the slave trade from the end of the 17th century to the end of the 18th century between Europe, Africa and America (mainly the West Indies). The black slave trade represented a source of considerable profit for several European powers (in particular Engl
Often called Enlightenment , the 18th century was marked by the cultural movement of the same name, which flourished partly in reaction to the religious conflicts of the previous century. The expression Age of Enlightenment is frequently used by writers of the time, convinced that they had just emer
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a conflict between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies on the east coast of North America. Following its victory over France in 1763, Great Britain had become the first colonial power in the world. In the New World, once the threat of
In the 17th century, there appeared an Italian custom of going out into the world with three people:the husband, the woman and the Sigisbeus , which some call marriage of three . These particular characters, the cicisbeos, could be likened to the “knight servant” of the noble lady, in 18th century
Adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 , the Declaration of Independence is a document that proclaims the independence of the thirteen British colonies in America. Signed in Philadelphia, it paves the way for the founding of a new nation:the United States. This declaration shook the wor
We often tend to forget that North America was not always Anglo- Saxon. It was even, with India, the first French colonial empire, from Quebec to New Orleans. From the beginning of the 16th century, courageous and intrepid explorers surveyed the new world, from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to the s
On November 16, 1532, the Inca Emperor Atahualpa was captured in the middle of his retinue by a small group of Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro . This daring attack, coupled with a terrible massacre, would sound the death knell of the Inca Empire and begin its conquest by the Spaniards. However, t
Francis I is the monarch who most often embodies the model of the Renaissance prince . If the latter marks the transition between the Middle Ages and the so-called “modern” era, it is however more attached to the artistic field than to politics. However, it also marks an evolution between the prince
At the end of the Middle Ages, the princes mobilize the patronage system for their final resting place, built during their lifetime. The society of the time was marked by the phenomenon of death, as shown for example by the dances of death. Thus develops an ars moriendi , sets of instructions aimed
The mirror to princes ”, if we stick to the definition proposed by the historian Einar Már Jónsson, is a literary genre, correlated to the political treatise, which appeared within the Carolingian world during the 9th century, and which emerged in the German historiography at the beginning of the 20
Its from the 3rd century AD, and more from the 10th century , that the great pre-Columbian civilizations were born (before the arrival of Christopher Columbus ). The best known are the Mayas, Toltecs, Aztecs and Incas. Drawing their power from agriculture and endowed with developed political and rel
In universal history, plots, conspiracies and attacks were numerous, sometimes changing the course of things . The Pazzi Conspiracy , which took place in Florence in 1478 , is the typical example of a failed political plot in modern times. Angel Politian , intellectual and renowned member of the Flo
The Gold Cloth Camp , nicknamed the Bivouac de Luxe , is the scene of the meeting of two kings, on June 7, 1520:François Ier and Henri VIII. The King of France hoped to obtain the signing of a treaty of alliance there with the suspicious King of England, in order to counterbalance the new political
The Peace of the Ladies is a treaty signed in Cambrai on August 3, 1529 and which puts an end to the second Italian war which opposes two enemy cousins:François Ier and Charles Quint. The mother of the first, Louise of Savoy, and the aunt of the second, Marguerite of Austria, met in Cambrai on July
Signed on June 7, 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas establishes an imaginary demarcation line crossing the Atlantic west of the Cape Verde Islands and delimits the overseas possessions of Spain and Portugal. By this treaty, which will be ratified by a papal bull, the Catholic Kings and John II of Port
The Renaissance is the name given to the vast cultural and artistic movement that Europe experienced from the 14th century to the end of the 16th century, following the rediscovery of the cultural, intellectual and scientific heritage of Antiquity. Born in Italy, the Renaissance movement will shake
From the song of the monk, praising God six-eight hours a day to the improvisations of a minstrel or a troubadour, music gave rhythm by its omnipresence to daily life in the Middle Ages, both in collective and private life. However, medieval society did not think of music , he thought according to m
At the end of the Middle Ages, a curious rumor circulated in Europe:a woman (the Pope Joan ?) would have occupied the papal throne between the year 855 and the year 858 under the name of John VIII the Angelica. After returning to orders, she would have become a cardinal and was then elected pope. S
Gradually organized into tournaments, the jousting was a medieval combat of men on horseback who fought by means of a spear. Favorite occupation of nobles in the Middle Ages , the tournaments experienced an extraordinary vogue in France from the 12th century before spreading to Germany and England.
The Law of the Lord, by Vassili Polenov (1874). A young bride is led by her family before the lord to spend her wedding night with him. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow • WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Regularly, an article, a novel, a film or a series agitates social networks because it evokes the droit de seigneu
The Nuremberg Laws were passed in September 1935 and dealt with issues relating to miscegenation, citizenship and the German flag. They defined who was Aryan and Jew. The Nuremberg Laws were decreed by the Nazi Party in 1935. There were three laws that legislated about miscegenation from Jews, of t
It is not the first time, and I fear not It will be the last one, which we address in Walking through History the theme of Tartessian culture. This time from a point of curiosity at the multiple interpretations that have been given to the warrior steles found in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsul
In January 1945, British forces launched a major offensive against the Japanese in Arakan, then Burma. The British plan called for the 3rd Commando Brigade to be deployed south of the Japanese positions at Kangau to cut off the forces of the Japanese 54th Infantry Division there. The British occ