One of the battalions has been distributed among the posts and the 3/10th R.M.I.G., which is organically part of the Claire River group, is on maneuvers towards Loc Binh. Given the large numbers the Japanese have at Lang Son — 6,000 to 7,000 men, including nearly a thousand inside our force — the ga
The French columns have so far found tough, aggressive and cunning fighters, but respecting, except for the Kempetai, the rules of elementary humanity during the fights and after. We are now going to have to deal with adversaries who are just as determined and cunning, but showing a cruelty unworthy
Most of these elements are still dispersed, on March 8, between Thai Nguyen and Cao Bang, where Colonel Seguin is. To reach Tuyen Quang – the planned regrouping point – it would take the latter four or five days, in the best conditions. Only the 2/9th R.I.C. (Mille Battalion), which moves with a bat
Only the passage of Trung Ha remained open and the group had to use it very quickly under the pressure of an adversary whose first armored vehicles came into contact with our rear guards from 10:30 a.m. on March 10. Despite the Japanese attacks, almost all the personnel succeeded in crossing the riv
It is in the middle and upper Tonkinese region that the bulk of the French forces are found, in which there is only one white regiment - with a few natives, the 5th foreign infantry regiment (5th R.E.I.). All the other formations include a notable proportion of Indochinese:still quite a few in the 9
Saint Barthélémy is the code name that must inform French unitsof a sudden Japanese attack. In the cities and the main agglomerations, the surprise will play more or less often according to quite unpredictable factors. If Saigon is quickly overwhelmed, some garrisons in Cochinchina will defend them
The Hmong or Meos took an active part in the wars in Indochina and then in Viet Namfiercely independent, they fought against the French then with the French against the Japanese, the Viet Minh, the Chinese ,and later with US Special Forces against the Viet Cong The Hmong, Mong or HMong (in Hmong of
The desire for independence On September 2, 1945, the official day of the end of the war, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. Seduced by the ideas of Marx and Lenin, the latter launched the fight for independence in 1946, because the French refused to give up their colony. Both deco
From these two histories some general conclusions can be drawn about the instability of African states in the post-independence period. It is clear that the causes of this instability must be sought in the upheavals and the imbalance created by colonialism. These phenomena differed from one country
But a year passes and the Nigerians have still failed to capitalize on their successes. There are several reasons for this failure:the surprising ingenuity of the Biafrans when they are hard on their heels; the command and transport difficulties of the Nigerian army; the goodwill of foreign donors,
In contrast to the Congo, the war which then began between Nigeria and Biafra had virtually no ideological character. It is only a struggle between two rival elites for the possession of the country – a struggle in which the people are involved only according to pre-existing ethnic and cultural ties
After that, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain contact between the eastern region and the rest of Nigeria. In the central government, however, Gowon, unlike Ironsi, began to surround himself with politicians who had been ousted from the previous government and who came mostly from the wes
This coup actually took place on the night of January 14, 1966. It was organized by a group of Nigerian army commanders, almost all of whom were Ibos, outraged by the corruption of politicians and the adherence of state- major to the status quo.Prominent politicians and military leaders are killed,
The history of Nigeria is very different from that of the Congo. Admittedly, the slave trade devastated the coast and the hinterland, but the interior escaped the scourge. And although the palm oil trade in the 19th century was intensive, Nigeria knew nothing comparable to the systematic exploitatio
However, Katanga still refuses to cooperate, and the drama will be intensified by the death of Dag Hammarskjôld, killed in a mysterious plane crash while traveling to Katanga to negotiate with Tschombé. As it was necessary at all costs to restore the badly shaken prestige of the United Nations, the
For Lumumba, the alternative is clear. He can either put up with external pressures and accept that the Europeans decide the future of his country, or affirm once and for all the independence of the Congo. His political past and his fighting temperament led him to choose the second solution.In Augus
The first cracks in the building appeared at the end of the 1950s. An economic recession caused significant unemployment:the impossibility of accessing higher jobs created growing unrest among blacks:the influence of neighboring countries was gradually being felt. little feel. In this troubled atmos
Dramatic events in the Congo and Nigeria occupied the front pages of the newspapers during the 1960s. Many Europeans saw in these conflicts proof of the inability of Africans to govern themselves. But, the roots of the crisis are in the colonial past which made the pride of Europe. The excellent ac
South vs North In January 1950, North Korea thought it could cross the 38th parallel without resistance from the opposing side. Although Stalin feared American nuclear weapons, the North Koreans invaded the South of the country on June 25. The same day, Truman plans to send reinforcements to South
The Kolwezi Rescue was a Foreign Legion airborne operation, which took place in May 1978, in Zaire, now Congo-Kinshasa, to rescue European hostages held in the mining town of Kolwezi by Katangese rebels. The operation was a perfect success, as the hostages were freed with relatively light (military)
Summary:It is referred to as the Cold War the period of strong tensions between 1947 and 1991 between the United States (and its Western allies) and the Eastern bloc headed by the USSR. A legacy of the Second World War, this confrontation will only be tempered by the threat of nuclear weapons. Very
It is curious that the longest and toughest fight in US history, of those played alone, is hardly known. It is likely that this is due to the little media coverage it has had since it was played in World War II, ending with a resounding defeat and an uncertain but chilling casualty figure, which add
This is a gently hilly stretch (but this day -there wet, muddy), slightly sloping, which represents little more than a quadrilateral of one kilometer by two; it is in this relatively restricted space that everything will be played out.Marshal de Saxe has deployed his men from Antoing to beyond the w
On February 23, 2022, Ukrainian tanks park near the front line with the self-declared pro-Russian breakaway state Donetsk Peoples Republic. • EYEPRESS NEWS/SHUTTERSTOCK/SIPA Ukraine shares a dual ethnic heritage with Russia, dating back to the interbreeding of Slavic and Varangian cultures, and