Twice a week I went to taste Ceylon tea; the Ceylon pavilion was, if I remember correctly, on the heights of the Trocadéro, on the right as you go up, near the paulownias which bear mauve flowers before they have leaves. All this hill was nothing but perfumes, incense, vanilla, smoked pastilles fro
This Exhibition, we said a lot of bad things about it: We saw too big:we will go bankrupt; the wines do not sell; the country has no money; foreigners wont come because of the Boer War.I think the Exhibition, it was supposed to be a ridiculous humbug and a crash,” explains, in stunning English, in
On Monday, October 28, 9,212,800 shares changed hands. The New York Times Values Index is down 49 points.The fall on this day alone is greater than that recorded throughout the previous week. Once again, the ticker leaves millions of people in the dark who dont know exactly what is going on, other
At noon, a new element intervenes. Finally, the long-awaited market support is coming. The six most powerful bankers in New York meet at Morgans Bank, which faces the Stock Exchange, in the presence of the Secretary of State for Commerce, Thomas W. Lamont. All agree to back the market and pool $240
In Washington, Professor Fisher is more reserved. In front of several bankers, he declares:“There is no inflation on safe values, for most of them, at least. However, everywhere market support is announced for the next day.Thursday the 24th — “Black Thursday” — sounds the death knell for American pr
On Saturday, October 19, 1929, we learn that the Secretary of State for Commerce, Lamont, is experiencing difficulties in obtaining from state funds the 100,000 dollars necessary for the maintenance of the yacht Corsair, including the financier John Pierpont Morgan just donated to the government. Th
The New York Times 25 Industrial Stock Price Index, which was110 at the beginning of 1924, rose to 135 at the beginning of 1925. On January 2, 1929, it reached 338.35. The boom of the American economy in 1928 caused a rise in speculation on an unprecedented scale. Nearly a million people gamble on t
The pro-natalist policy In 1926, Mussolini instituted the pronatalist policy. Confined to the sole role of having children, women now have the duty to fill the cradles in order to ensure the descendants who will “maintain” the planned empire. These children are future fascists, because they will fo
Current in which the word is a symbol, symbolism straddles the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It marks the beginning of the Silver Age, and leads to a new era which quickly dominates Russian literature for almost twenty years. If the symbolist current is led in France by poets such as Mallarmé,
A story of empire After a coup in Turkey in 1913, the Young Turks wanted to cut off their country from the Ottoman Empire, tired of the autocratic regime. In January 1914, the great powers like Russia put pressure on the Sultan to sign the Reform of Armenia, which should end the persecutions of Arm
The expression Coup dAgadir, or Agadir crisis, is used to designate a military and diplomatic incident which took place in 1911, between France and Germany, caused by the dispatch of a gunboat (vessel light armed with guns) of the German navy in the bay of Agadir in Morocco, the SMS Panther. Causes
Subjugated first by the Romans, then the Serbs, and finally the Turks, Armenia was never independent. Although it was part of the Ottoman Empire, there was still a barrier between Turks and Armenians. In addition to not speaking the same language, the Turks were Muslims while the Armenians were Chri
Boris Kustodiev, The Bolshevik, 1920 January 22, 1905, Red Sunday, marked the end of Tsarism. While demonstrators come to ask for help from Nicolas II, like children before their beloved father, his uncle, who replaces the tsar that day, sees a revolted crowd who is angry with the tsar and the aut
The consequences of the Great War 1918, Germany lost the war. Facing France and England at Versailles, the country had to pay both nations for the damage caused by the fighting, and the Germans experienced this episode as a deep humiliation.As the debt was remarkably high, Germany, already in crisi
The Rif War was a colonial war between the Rif tribes (the Rif is a mountain range in northern Morocco) and the French and Spanish armies, acting under protectorate agreements with the Sultan of Morocco. The Rifains were led by heads of village republics also called Amghar, customary law being dist
There have been several Russian borrowings. The first loan dates from 1888. The Russian loan of June 1906 is an international loan signed by Russia intended to restore finances after the Russo-Japanese war (2.25 billion francs, half covered by France). There was a craze for this savings, until it d
La Croisière Jaune (April 4, 1931 - February 12, 1932) was an automobile raid organized by André Citroën. Faced with the positive effects of the Black Cruise, in 1928, Georges-Marie Haardt prepared his project to open the Silk Road to car traffic:30,000 km from Beirut to Beijing via Turkestan, Xinj
The Zulu people (its name comes from the expression ama Zulu the people of the sky) were united by King Chaka, who made his clan of 1,500 people a formidable nation through conquest and assimilation. Zulu unification is partly responsible for the mfecane, the chaotic wave of emigration of clans beyo
The Black Flags (from Chinese Hei qi jun) were Chinese irregular soldiers who raged in Indochina, mainly against the French. They are former Taiping rebels commanded by Liu Yongfu (1837-1917, Luu Vinh Phúc or Luu Vinh Phuuc in Vietnamese). They were expelled from China in 1864 to Tonkin, after the
Racism After the invention of human races by naturalists, racism became normal. The idea of colonizing and exhibiting human beings behind barriers seemed to no longer bother. On the contrary:with the effect of propaganda, it was believed that colonization served to educate these savages and broug
The period of the first 15 years of the 19th century is known as the Nepalian Age. After many years of revolution, unrest and disorder in France, Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as an autocratic ruler, who dazzled not only France, but the whole of Europe. Although the Nepalese was the Dictator and there
Tiradentes was one of the main characters of the period of Colonial Brazil and became the emblem of the so-called Inconfidência Mineira. Who was Tiradentes? “Straps” was the nickname given to Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, who became famous for being one of the leaders of Min Confidence and for
After the execution in 1538 of the marshal, advance and Governor of Nueva Toledo, Diego de Almagro , at the end of the so-called War of Las Salinas, which pitted him against his old partner, Francisco Pizarro , his brother, Hernando, went to court, where he would be tried and sentenced, while his
Statue of Cicero in front of the Palace of Justice in Rome • ISTOCK At 60, the age at which, for Romans, a man is already an old man, Marcus Tullius Cicero, or Cicero, is convinced that his political career is over. Far are his glorious years as a defender of corrupt politicians and enemies of t