At last everything cleared up at the same time, and the sky which freed itself from its mists, and the politics which became calmer, and the souls which opened up to at least temporary confidence. From then on, the capital, left to itself, did its best to complete its festive preparations. In 1855,
Napoleon III 1st President of the RepublicElected December 10, 1848Presidency December 20, 1848December 2, 1852Predecessor Louis-Philippe I (King of the French)Successor Adolphe Thiers, indirectlyBirth 20 April 1808at ParisDeath 9 January 1873in Chislehurst (United Kingdom)Nature of death Natural
Napoleon Eugene Louis Bonaparte Prince Imperial Born in 1856 Died in 1879 Napoleon Eugène Louis Bonaparte is the only child of Napoleon III and Eugénie. His official title was Prince Imperial and his parents nicknamed him Louis or Loulou. He will be cuddled throughout his childhood, because he is
Reichshoffen Cuirassiers Despite the crushing defeat, the French fighter did not deserve it. There were many acts of heroism. Among them, the cuirassier charges at Reichshoffen remained famous. They are part of the gesture of the French army. It was August 5, 1870, during the battle of Woerth:the c
Jean-François-Constant Mocquard (1791-1864), chief of staff to Napoleon III, who died 150 years ago, born into a family of merchants from Bordeaux, but came from Saint-Domingue, who, before assuming this position , had several lives:a private life - quite enigmatic -, in his early years, then, very
Mexico on the eve of the war Mexico, extending over two million square kilometers, was populated, at the time of the intervention, by 8.5 million people. Three ethnic groups were present:2 million whites (descendants of the conquistadors and Spanish colonists.), 2.5 million mestizos, 4 million Amer
On June 24, 1859, in Solferino, the French and Piedmontese armies won an important military victory, which put an end to the war waged against Austria for the independence of Lombardy, preliminary to the creation of a unified Italy. The battle marks international public opinion:Solferino leaves the
In the 1860s, the Empire no longer had the aura it had at its beginnings. Its loss of power abroad stemmed largely from its failed attempt to overthrow a republic and set up a Latin Empire in Mexico in favor of Archduke Maximilian of Austria in 1863. The Empire embarked on colonization experiences f
The rise of opposition[edit] A critical Catholic opposition arose, embodied in Louis Veuillots paper lUnivers, and was not even silenced by the Syria expedition of 1860 in favor of Maronite Catholics, who were being persecuted by the Druze. On the other hand, the commercial treaty with the United K
Industrial policy was designed as much by motives of interest as by the sympathy of Napoleon III, beyond the opposition to the bourgeoisie who had the ambition to govern or who wanted to be ousted. The path was easy because its only policy was to exploit the prejudices of the working classes. They w
The Napoleonic colonial policy does not respond to a well-thought-out plan, colonization is only in its infancy. However, it is already a means of affirming the glory of the Empire. It was Napoleon III and Chasseloup-Laubat who modernized the navy and tripled the colonial empire. New Caledonia was a
It was not Orsinis attack of January 14, 1858 that influenced Napoleon III on the question of Italian unification. A former carbonaro, the victory of his armies in the Crimea gave him the stature necessary to accomplish this mission which was close to his heart. Napoleon III allies himself with Pied
Napoleon III, in the Napoleonic tradition, wants an ambitious foreign policy. He directs it himself, sometimes short-circuiting the circuits of French diplomacy. Since 1815, France has been diplomatically relegated to a second-tier country. The first objective of Napoleon III is to give it a role in
The success of imperial prosperity rested on a certain number of elements (festivities, development of capitalism, etc.) in order to avoid any resurrection of the revolutionary specter. Thus, Napoleon III sought the support of the clergy, the great financiers, the industrial magnates and the landown
Even if the governmental mechanism was almost the same under the Second Empire as under the First Empire, its founding principles were different. The function of the Empire, as Napoleon III was fond of repeating, was to guide the people within to justice and without to perpetual peace. Deriving his
The desired pretext was offered on July 3, 1870, by the candidacy of the Prince of Hohenzollern to the throne of Spain. To the French, it seemed that Prussia was updating traditional Habsburg politics. France, having rejected for dynastic reasons the candidacy of a Frenchman, the Duke of Montpensier
Much of the confidence that the empire had capitalized on up to that point vanished. Thiers and Jules Favre, as representatives of the opposition, denounced the errors of 1866. Emile Ollivier divided the official majority by the amendment of article 45, and made it clear that a reconciliation with t
The Constitution of January 14, 1852 instituted by Napoleon III was largely inspired by that of Year VIII. If universal male suffrage is restored, all executive powers are nevertheless concentrated in the hands of the head of state. He could appoint members of the Council of State, whose task was to
William Ewart Gladstone (December 29, 1809 in Liverpool - May 19, 1898 in Hawarden, Flintshire) was a British politician, who served as Prime Minister. Appointed Prime Minister several times (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886 and 1892-1894), he was a long-time opponent of Benjamin Disraeli. Through their
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria de Wettin, née de Hanover) (born 24 May 1819 – died 22 October 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and Empress of India (1876- 1901). His reign, which lasted more than sixty-three years, remains the longest in the history of t
The Wolof Empire , also Ouolof (fl. 14th - 16th centuries), indicates that it in the early stages of European contact with West Africa today Senegal in Inland ruled . Founded shortly after 1200 Wolof- State was ruled by a king or Burba rules, whose duties were both political
In the course of European history, the sword has undergone many changes. While the swords of the La Tène period were still relatively uniform and simple, diverse and complex sword shapes developed over the centuries. The following article gives you a brief overview of the most important development
Great Chinese dynasties, that of Han is one of the most important, and paradoxically one of the least known. Its apogee, under the reign of Emperor Wudi, is contemporary with the Roman Republic of the time of the Gracchi and the struggle between Sylla and Marius. It was at the same time that the fam
Operation Barbarossa carried out the invasion of the Soviet Union by about 3.6 million Nazi soldiers in June 1941 and started the most violent scenario of World War II. The Operation Barbarossa it was organized by Nazi Germany during World War II and aimed at the invasion of the Soviet Union from J