As the Empire expanded, the administration will thus adapt the same scheme to the new provinces. At its peak, the main Roman road network would thus reach around 150,000 kilometres. Roman traders very quickly saw the interest of such axes. Unlike other Mediterranean civilizations who had based their
Until the 400s, the Romans used tracks to move from Rome to surrounding cities. The raid of the Gauls of Brennus, which will prove disastrous for the Romans in -390, will thus be the first revealer of the inefficiency of the defensive system of Rome, mainly due to the slow progress of the troops on
The velites were the light infantry of the Roman armies. Before the Marian reform, when the legions were made up of Roman citizens according to their rank of wealth, the velites were drawn from the poor centuries (less poor, however, than the simple carriers). Indeed, each citizen then had to buy h
In Roman times, the auxiliary troops or Alares (auxilia in Latin) were made up of soldiers from the Roman army who did not enjoy Roman citizenship because they came from allied peoples or were subject to Rome. For example: * Jugurtha and the Numidian horsemen take part in the war against Numantia i
Tribunes are magistrates who served in ancient Rome. The tribunes can be civil or military. At the very beginning of Roman history, when there were only three tribes (the Ramnes, the Tites and the Luceres), each of them was led by a tribune, who could have a military command. The Tribunus celerum w
The triarii are the third (tri =three) and last line available in the republican legions, organized into ten maniples of 160 men, each divided into two centuries of 80 soldiers. They are soldiers with heavier armament than simple legionnaires, and of better quality. They possess a long lance, a lar
Spatha is the Greek name (spathê) for the longsword, used to refer to the late Roman longsword, the sword of the great invasions and the Merovingian sword. It is characterized by a wide blade as well as a narrow and flat guard. The Spatha appeared earlier in the Roman army as a cavalry weapon . In
The scorpion (also known as the ballista when it launched balls) was a catapult with arrows, probably invented by the Greeks and then adopted and used on a large scale by the Roman legions. Unlike a bow that works by twisting its arms, the scorpion used a torsion spring system to obtain a very high
The principles (from the Latin princeps, first) are the soldiers of the first line (hence their name) and later of the second line in a Roman legion of the first centuries of the Roman Republic. They were experienced soldiers in the maturity of the age. Their armaments consisted of a coat of mail, t
Weapon par excellence of the Roman legionnaire modernized by Marius during his reform which replaced one of the metal pegs which hold the tip with a wooden peg so that it breaks on impact tt while remaining attached to the shaft making very difficult weapon to tear off from a shield eg. immortalized
The evening primrose is a siege engine. It is a kind of giant catapult that was used by the Romans. Its name comes from the analogy of its movement with that of the kick of an onager, a kind of wild donkey. According to the Dictionnaire raisonné of French architecture from the 11th to the 16th cen
The discipline and training of the legions is also evident in his movements, and especially in his paces of march. The normal pace is 5 kilometers in one hour, then a 10-minute break. This pace is maintained for 5 to 7 hours of walking per day. There is also an accelerated rate of 7.2 kilometers in
The massacre of the Theban legion is said to have taken place under Diocletian between 285 and 306 at Agaune (today Saint-Maurice) in Valais. Cited by a single source, of religious origin, from the 5th century, this episode is sometimes considered legendary, in particular because of the non-existen
The maniple (Latin manipulus pl. manipula) is a subdivision of the ancient Roman legion. It is made up of two centuries, within the same cohort, for a workforce that varied between 120 and 200 men during the Roman Republic. A hierarchy existed between these two centuries:ordo prior, ordo minor, and
Magister militum is often translated as Master of the militia or even Masters of the soldiers, chiefs of the armies, chiefs of staff. The command of the Roman armies was given to the magistri militum sometimes divided into magister peditum (Infantry) and magister equitum (Cavalry). The creation of
Lorica:name of body defenses (often called armor) in ancient Rome. Squamata:Having the appearance of scaly skin, covered with “scales”. The lorica squamata are therefore broignes or corselets of scales whose appearance is reminiscent of scaly skin. After the disaster of the capture of Rome (abo
Lorica is the name of body defenses (often called armor) in ancient Rome). Hamata is a ring mail chainmail. It was generally coat of mail of the so-called 1/4 type (1 ring is connected to 4 others) closed by a barleycorn rivet (see chain mail and ring mail). After the disaster of the capture of
The Legio VIII Augusta was a Roman legion created by Julius Caesar and which continued its service for Rome for 400 years, being long confined to Argentorate, present-day Strasbourg.Summary[hide] This legion was created by Caesar probably in 59 BC. AD, but possibly earlier. Between 58 and 49 BC. AD
The Legio III Parthica was a Roman legion created by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197 for his campaign against the Parthian Empire. This legion remained active in the eastern provinces until the beginning of the 5th century. Its emblem was a bull. With its two sister legions, I Parthica and II Part
The Legio III Cyrenaica (Third Cyrenaic Legion) is a Roman legion formed during the Imperial era in the 1st century AD. It was originally stationed in Egypt, near Alexandria, and commanded by a prefect of a legion belonging to the equestrian order. His tutelary deity was the god Ammon-Zeus or Jupite
It is well known that the participation, even as spectators, of women in the Olympic Games of Antiquity was prohibited. In fact, even in the modern games, women were only gradually incorporated, and decades had to pass before they were admitted to specialties such as athletics, considered counterpro
The ax is not only a practical tool for splitting wood or for other striking and cutting work - with a little help, it can also look really good and thus become your very own favorite tool, round off your medieval outfit or decorate your camp beautify. You need this 1x ax blade 1x shaft 1x ax wed
The little or First Northern War (1655-60) was one of the most important though lesser-known conflicts that made little Sweden a pan-European power. The Swedish king Charles Gustav, facing Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), Russia, Prussia, Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands, had managed, in
In February 1940 the German navy decided to attack British fishing vessels in the North Sea in the area of Dodger Bank. The mission codenamed Operation Wikinger (Viking) was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla. The flotilla consisted of the destroyers Z1 Leberecht Maass, Z3 Max Schultz, Z4 R