The III Augustus Legion was the only Roman legion in Africa. It is mentioned in the sources under different names:exercitus Africae, exercitus provinciae Africae, legio III Augusta and exercitus africanis. Epigraphy and archeology provide most of the information on this legion. After the dismissal
Livy reports the existence of a legio under Romulus and several under Tullus Hostilius. But its real creation dates from the so-called reform of Servius Tullius:a legion then comprised 4,000 men divided into centuries. In the early days of ancient Rome, the Roman warrior was very close to the hopli
Roman hastati are young, well-trained, and extremely efficient. They form the first line of the tactical unit, the legion, then the cohort after the reform of Marius The hastati fight using a combination of the pilum (a heavy javelin designed to pierce enemy armor and shields), thrown just before m
Gladius is a Latin term for sword. It is nowadays used to designate a short sword, 60 cm long, 6 to 7 cm wide, and about 1.4 kg, used by Roman legionaries from the 3rd century BC. JC. It was derived from the Celtiberian sword and designed primarily to deliver powerful thrusting strikes. Possibly an
In Roman antiquity, the Praetorian Guard was a unit of the Roman army made up of elite soldiers initially recruited in Italy. These units derive their origin from the small group of men surrounding the Republican magistrates known as praetors and their name from the camp of the Roman legions where t
Republic Under the Republic, the legions are made up of citizen soldiers, who leave their ordinary activities to defend the city (and their own property). To carry out the raising of the legions, all the Roman citizens met, in the spring, on the Champ de Mars. The citizens are divided into 193 gro
At the end of the 1st century AD, the basic infantryman wore a helmet of the Gallic imperial type and a segmented cuirass (loricas segmentata). These armaments are coated with a silver film to prevent corrosion. The Shield (scutum) semi-cylindrical in laminated wood is covered with leather. Inside
The urban cohorts (Latin:Cohors urbana) assume a triple role:guard of honor for the city of Rome in Roman antiquity, municipal police and also, military force. Other cities under the Julio-Claudian dynasty are home to an urban cohort * Ostia * Puteoli * Lugdunum Timeline * Created by Augustus in
A Roman cohort was a tactical unit usually consisting of only one type of soldier in the Roman army, and was created following the Marian reform. Later, even before the principate, this term took on a broader meaning and defined a group. Legion cohorts A Roman legion has 10 cohorts numbered from I
The centurion is an officer in the ancient Roman army. In Latin, centurio. This is an officer who can (but does not have to) command a centuria in the Roman legion. There were 60 in each legion. That of the 1st century, who was the first after the tribunes, was called the primipile centurion. The c
A centuria means, in ancient Rome, both a division of the civic body practiced at the time of the census, by the censor, a military unit of the Roman army and a plot of Roman territory (from 706 to 710 m side) . The military unit called centuria was composed of ten minimum units, the Contubernium an
The cataphract is a kind of scaly broigne, invented and worn by nomadic Iranian-speaking peoples of the steppes located near the Black Sea. They are at least as old as the Scythians. It equips the heavy cavalry of the Sarmatians or the Alans, made up of cataphracts. The Clibanari are cataphracts pr
The cataphractaries (from the Greek κατάφρακτος, kataphractos) were originally Sarmatian or Alan heavy cavalry units. The army of the Early Roman Empire (and the army of the Byzantine Empire) also used this type of unit. The armor that distinguishes its knights is called a cataphract. Cataphract Of
Valentinian II (371 in Vienna, 392), son of Valentinian I, Roman Emperor from 375 to 392. In 375, his brother, the Emperor Gratian being absent, the soldiers of Pannonia proclaimed him emperor when he was only four years old. Gratian accepted the partition of the empire and conceded Illyria to Vale
Titus (Latin:IMPERATOR•TITVS•CAESAR•VESPASIANVS•AVGVSTVS) (December 30, 39 – September 13, 81), belonging to the Flavian dynasty, was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 79 to 81. He remained famous for taking of Jerusalem, in 70. To commemorate this victory, his brother Domitian, who had become emper
Septimius Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax) (April 11, 146 - February 4, 211) was Roman Emperor from 193 to 211. With him began the Severan dynasty and the rise to power of provincials of non-Roman descent. Septimius Severus was born on April 11, 145 in Leptis Magna, a city located in Tri
Romulus Augustulus Romulus Augustulus, or in Latin Flavius Romulus Augustus (circa 460 - possibly 511), sometimes called Romulus Augustulus, was the last Western Roman Emperor. Born Flavius Romulus, his father was Flavius Orestes, a Roman politician believed to be likely descended from a Ge
Nero (Latin:IMPERATOR•NERO•CLAVDIVS•CAESAR•AVGVSTVS•GERMANICVS), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus on December 15, 37 and died on June 6, 68, was the fifth and last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty; he reigned from 54 to 68. Nero acceded to the throne on October 13, 54, on the death of hi
Marcus Aurelius is a Roman emperor (161-180) and a Stoic philosopher, born April 26, 121 in Rome, died March 17, 180, probably in Vindobona. Marcus Annius Verus (originally Marcus Catilius Severus) took, after its adoption by the Emperor Antonin the Pious, the name of Marcus Ælius Aurelius Verus.
Hadrian or Adrian (Latin:IMPERATOR•CAESAR•TRAIANVS•HADRIANVS•AVGVSTVS) was a Roman emperor, born on January 24, 76 in Italica in Betica (Spain), and died on July 10, 138 in his residence. He succeeded his adoptive father Trajan in 117, having strengthened his bond with the imperial family through ma
The first major American ship to be completely destroyed by Japanese kamikaze planes in World War II has been located in underwater searches in the Pacific Ocean. This is the escort aircraft carrier USS St. Lo. The main part of the wreckage is located at a depth of 4,736 meters, at the edge of the M
Destiny is destiny and no matter how much you try to avoid death, it always arrives faithful to its appointment. There is a famous Persian tale of the man who, to avoid meeting Death, fled from Baghdad to another city and found her there, surprised that she was not in the city from which she came be
19th century engraving showing the city of Algiers from the sea. • ISTOCK The janissaries and corsair captains who constituted the Invincible Militia, holders of the power of the regency of Algiers, knew perfectly the European political situation. During the minority of Louis XIV, from 1643 to 1
The Carnival has its origin in antiquity with feasts to the gods where a change in the social order was allowed. In this way, the slaves and serfs took the places of the masters and the population took the opportunity to have fun. Although it is known as the country of Carnival, Brazil is not the