Spartan hegemony was clear from 404 to 371. After the battle of Leuctra, not only Sparta lost its hegemony, but also most of Messenia, and the Peloponnesian League, which dissolved. The irruption of Macedonia in the Greek political game hardly helps the situation for it. In 330, King Agis III attack
Religion occupies a more important place in Sparta than in the other cities. The number of temples and sanctuaries testifies to this:43 temples of divinities (ἱερόν / hieron), 22 temples of heroes (ἡρῷον / hêrỗion), about fifteen statues of gods and four altars. To this must be added the many funera
The Spartan political system, as well as the education system, is believed to be the work of the mythical Lycurgus in the 7th century BC. AD, although Plutarch places it in the 9th or 8th century BC. J.-C. Son of a Spartan king, the latter would have gone to the sanctuary of Delphi to consult the Py
Population In the fifth century BC. J.-C., the Spartans strictly speaking (Ὃμοιοι / Hòmoioi, “the Peers”, “the similars”) represent a small part of the overall population of the city. In -480, King Démarate estimated the number of mobilizable hoplites at just over 8000 (Hérodote, VII, 234). This nu
During the Archaic period, Sparta emerged as the first of the Greek cities. At the beginning of the 5th century BC. BC, Sparta appears as the champion of Greece against the Persians during the Persian Wars. It gradually becomes the rival of Athens, delivering against it the long Peloponnesian War (-
Unless otherwise specified, dates on this page are all assumed to be BC. In the sixth century BC. J.-C. the cities of the Greek world were confronted with a serious political crisis, resulting from two concomitant phenomena:on the one hand slavery for debt, affecting mainly the peasants not landown
Traces of human occupation are attested from the Neolithic on the site of the Acropolis (see Pélasges). But it was only after the Ionian invasions that Attica was organized into cities, including Cecropia, the future Athens. Athens was formally founded around 800 BC by the synoecism of several vill
It is important to understand that unlike other democracies, such as the United States of America or the French Republic, Athenian democracy was not born of popular uprisings but of the commitment of politicians to ensure the city unit. Here are the four main reforms that can be distinguished, as
Democracy finds its origin in the serious crisis of the Greek city and the changes specific to Athens: Wave of Impoverishment From the 7th century, more and more peasants are condemned to be slaves because of debts. As trade grows, so does competition. Great Greece competes with Greek peasants, it
The constituent institutions of Athenian democracy are known to us essentially thanks to the unexpected discovery, at the end of the 19th century AD. of a Constitution of Athens attributed to Aristotle and his disciples of the Lyceum, and drafted around 330[1]. Although the Athenian democracy never
The year 430 marks the beginning of the decline of Athens, the disastrous fight against Sparta combined with an epidemic of typhoid fever, fatal for Pericles in 429, inexorably leads the now demoralized city to its loss. The occupation by Spartan troops resulted in the return of tyranny in 411, with
Until 451, to be an Athenian citizen, one must be a man born of an Athenian father, and have followed the ephebia from 18 to 20 years old, that is to say be able to defend the city. The ephebia is indeed a military and civic formation that allows the city to ensure its defense without having a stand
Athens was formally founded around 800 by the synoecism of several villages, partially preserved by the invasion of the Dorians. The plural of the word Athens, according to Thucydides, is a trace of the ancient villages that merged to found the city. The site was chosen for the natural fortress rep
Utica (in Latin Utica) is an ancient ancient port city founded by the Phoenicians and located in the north of present-day Tunisia. Location Utique is located in the governorate of Bizerte and is the largest archaeological site in this region. The delegation of Utique which houses it is located in t
Tire (صور, Sour) is a city in Lebanon, located in the southern mouhafaza (district).Contents Geography Ancient Tire (also called Sour in Arabic) is located in southern Phenicia just over 70 km south of Beirut (also called Beryte to complete the correspondence between Arabic and ancient names) and 3
Thebes (in ancient Greek / Thễbai, plural) is the main city of Boeotia in Greece. It is second only to Athens and Sparta in importance in Greek history. Its mythical and legendary reputation remains unmatched; Sophocles describes it as “the only city where mortals give birth to gods[1]”. The modern
Pontus was the name given by the Greeks to the northeastern area of Asia Minor bordering the Black Sea, but the borders of the region often changed as did the names of the bordering kingdoms. Its only real border, intangible and essential, was then that which bordered the Black Sea. It was not unt
Phocaea - (Phôkaia) in ancient Greek; today Foça in Turkish - is an ancient Greek city in Asia Minor on the coast of the Aegean Sea, in the Gulf of Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey). It was founded between the 10th century and the 8th century BC. AD by Greeks from mainland Greece. Origins The ancient text
Megara (in ancient Greek tà Megara) is a Greek city in Attica, capital of Megaride. Located at the eastern end of the Isthmus of Corinth, midway between Corinth and Athens, it was originally known as Nisea (Νίσαια / Nísaia), after the legendary eponymous king Nisos. History According to tradition,
Corinth (in ancient Greek and in modern Greek Κόρινθος / Kórinthos) is one of the most important cities of ancient Greece. It remains an important city of modern Greece, housing 36,555 inhabitants and being the capital of the nome of Corinthia. She is mentioned in the Iliad, where she also bears the
The emperor is aware that at this point in the site and with so much blood spilled on both sides, both he and Mehmed , they are fighting not only for the city of Constantine, but for his Empire and for his own life. In the Ottoman camp, the advisability of continuing with a siege that has been going
The Korean War was a conflict between the two Koreas from 1950 to 1953. It was caused by the invasion of North Korean troops in South Korea, at dawn on June 25, 1950. In the context of the Cold War, this invasion led to the intervention of an international coalition led by the United States in suppo
Commissioned in 1940, the Bismarck was a heavy battleship of the German Navy. It bears the name of the famous chancellor behind the creation of the German Empire at the end of the 19th century. In May 1941, during a blitzkrieg in the northern Atlantic Ocean, Bismarck sank HMS Hood , an English batt
On May 5, at 5 p.m., the right division of the 5th corps (1st D.I.) launched its preliminary attack on Djebel-bou-Aoukaz, with powerful air support. It seizes it in the evening, thus ensuring the security of the left flank of the attack of the 9th corps, whose divisions gain, in the night, their sta