Let's take a look at the activities of the Vikings

I wanted to get into British history, but before I talk about British history, Viking is indispensable. It is a story about the invasion by.

The activities of the Vikings have had a great influence on the history of Europe other than England, so I will summarize them.

When was the Vikings active?

The activities of the Vikings began to be confirmed little by little around 750, but it is said that they were particularly active around the 9th and 11th centuries.

Scandinavian Peninsula Viking who started to expand into the world across the sea from (located in Northern Europe) We have expanded our activities beyond Europe to across the Atlantic Ocean to Greenland and North America, or to the Caspian Sea, which stretches from southern Russia to northern Iran.

Large movement by Normans

Take a look at a brief explanation of what the Vikings look like.

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They are called Danish =Danish, Norwegian =Norwegian, and Swedish =Swede, but each stretches in a different direction.

• Danes → Northwestern England and France
• Noor people → Scotland / Northwestern France → Italy
• Suede → Part of Russia

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What was the situation in Scandinavia at that time?

Until the middle of the 10th century, Scandinavia at that time was an era in which local gentry were divided into groups in a land without a unified government or borders like a country.

However, since the middle of the 10th century, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark have begun to have the kingship that is the center of the three countries, and the demand for silver and luxury goods is increasing.

Why did the Vikings try to get out?

The three countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark have been trading occasionally even before the Vikings became active. Everywhere very cold area Therefore, it was difficult to make grains, and I couldn't eat them without purchasing grains from other places through trade, so it seems that I had been abroad for some time.

Trade items include weapons, dried fish and salted fish, wood, and daily necessities at short and medium distances, and slaves and fur at long distances.

It was around 750 that the activity clearly increased from there.

It is said that around 750 was the time when Islamic silver (dirham) entered the Scandinavian Peninsula from western Eurasia. These days, just Uzbekistan in Central Asia The silver mines found in were found and high quality silver coins were being made.

Uzbekistan with silver mine Is the East-West Trade Route Silk Road It is a place that also includes the relay point of. Umayyad from 661 to 750 But then Abbasid Advances. New Islam Was beginning to take root. The theory that went out to sea in search of this silver has recently begun to attract attention.

As the times went down and the kingship began to emerge in the three countries, those who lost the conflict between the Normans began to go abroad. It started to expand overseas from 750, but it became more active after the kingship of these three countries was born.

Other than that, he had acquired a wealth of navigation and geographical knowledge through aggressive overseas expansion from several decades ago. .. ..

* "Oasis Road", "Steppe Route", and "Sea Road" are collectively referred to as Silk Road . Also

It seems that it has been pointed out that industrial and military technologies were superior to those of Western European countries due to exchanges with the Islamic world of developed countries and East Asia.

It's a fairly simplified image, but Central Asia makes it easy to trade with developed countries. Scandinavian that can communicate directly with And, trade cannot be done without going through various countries on the way Western Europe It's easy to see which one is easier to incorporate advanced technology.

The silver coin Dirham originally sought by the Vikings has begun to decline around the time when the Normans flooded England. It expanded in search of wealth not only in the Islamic world but also in other regions.

Rather than attacking a place similar to that of developed countries, I feel that I want a place that is warm and comfortable to live in, but that I can take away without any effort.

Advance into England and France

Denmark attacked England among the three Scandinavian countries Danes from .. The first invasion was in 787 or 789, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.

At first, they plundered along the coast from eastern England to northwestern France, but gradually went up the river and invaded the inland area.

As cities inland as well as coastal areas began to attack, settlement gradually began to progress. England with more flatlands than harsh nature and less grainy lands It may have been natural to choose.

Of course, England wasn't left alone. Alfred the Great in the invasion of the 8th and 9th centuries Even if he was taken territory, he managed to avoid taking over the whole of England completely by the Danes. It keeps control of the eastern region north of the Thames (although nearly half taken).

Danelaw dominated by the Danes and has a different culture and customs from the Anglo-Saxons. I call it.

Invasion of France

Eventually, in the 10th century, those who settled around the mouth of the Seine in France were the Noor people Lolo . West Francia Will threaten.

As a result of the invasion of cities including Paris, King Charles III of West Francia made a concession.

• Renovation to Christianity
• Vassal to the West Francia

Instead of swearing, I gave the estuary of the Seine as a territory. Thus, Lolo Converted to Duke of Normandy And its territory is Duchy of Normandy It became.

Invasion of England

Let's return the place to England.

England after the Duchy of Normandy was built Will be attacked by the Danes.

• Since 978 Ezelred takes the throne at the age of 10 Since the throne of England, Ezelred II has been suffering from Danish invasion
• Second marriage in 1017 Afraid of the Danes coming to England based in Normandy, Ezelred II married the daughter of the Duke of Normandy and made friends.
• Massacre of Danes in the country Did you become bullish in partnership with the Duke of Normandy?
  Invading by Danes intensifies due to repulsion of King Sweyn I of Denmark
• In 1013, the young Edward (later the Confessor), who exiled his son, was exiled to his maternal home in Normandy.

Through this process, the flow of the Danish invasion of Wessex was completed. Furthermore, the conflict with the Danes continues.

• Sweyn I takes the throne Sweyn I takes the throne as King of England
• Sweyn I died in 1014 Ezelred II regains King of England
• Sweyn Forkbeard's son Knut Inherits the England expedition
• Edmund II takes the throne in place of his father, who died of illness in 1016.
• Edmund II died Edmund II also died (there is an assassination theory)
• Knut gives King of England the territory of Edmund II to Knut
• 1017 Knut marries Emma The wife of Ezelred, the predecessor of England, and Edward's mother marries Knut

With the above flow, England is Dane Was dominated by.

After this, the Dane King Knut Duchy of Normandy when the dynasty collapses Edward the Confessor in exile Is reviving the Anglo-Saxon dynasty.

However, the Anglo-Saxon dynasty did not last long after Edward's death.

Because his brother-in-law, Earl of Wessex Harold Proclaimed the King, but the distant relative of Edward the Confessor Duke of Normandy William Waited for me.

Edward was in exile to William

"Let's be the King of England"

but the story was different.

Thus, William Demands the throne England Invaded. Norman Conquest Norman Conquest Successful, Norman Opened.

Here Vassal of the King of France Duke of Normandy Is King of England It will create a complicated situation where only the future in which the conflict of becoming can be seen can be seen.

Advance into Italy

Shortly after Isakoza in England, Duchy of Normandy Some Normans started to go to Italy.

The Normans heading to Italy are Duchy of Normandy Already a local aristocratic Norman However, I went to Italy in the same way as the second and third sons of the Crusades (see the effects and changes of the Crusades expedition).

Of course, there were some who went to other areas, but Italy at this time was

• Holy Roman Empire
• Islam
• Byzantine Empire

was confused with governance and was seen as a great opportunity to conquer.

All the Normans who traveled to Italy were very strong. So the Roman Church, which had begun to clash with the Islamic forces in earnest, thought.

Thus, the Normans recognize the territories of Sicily and Southern Italy Instead (because he came from Normandy, but he hadn't converted yet) Convert to Roman =Christianity Let me both Sicilian kingdoms (1130-) was made.

Raid on Russia

On the other hand, if you look at the eastern part of Scandinavia. .. ..

From Sweden to Russia many times in the middle of the 9th century Swedes It is said that the indigenous East Slavs were in conflict with each other when they began to invade.

At that time, Rurik from the Baltic area Rus , a sect of Swedes led by a person named When we invade, Novgorod It is said that the turmoil was settled by building a country called.

After Rurik's death, his bereaved child, Igor Oleg Is Novgorod City-state Kyiv south of the Dniepuru River Occupied in 882 and integrated the East Slavs living in the north and south. Oleg After the death of Igor Is Grand Prince of Kyiv Come to rule as Principality of Kyiv here (Kievan Rus) is born.

* It is said that the story of Rurik has a strong legendary element, but it seems that the person named Oleg appears in the Byzantine empire's literature and is definitely regarded. Also, as you can imagine, the word "Russia" became the etymology of "Russia" and is said to have become the origin of the later Russian state.

This Principality of Kyiv Is Byzantine Empire further south Going on an expedition to, or marrying Byzantine Emperor's sister Greek Orthodox Indoctrination We are deepening our relationship with the Byzantine Empire.

This will be Russia later Is Byzantine Empire of. .. .. Forcibly successor to the Roman Empire It will be a hint to call.