Last time was Hundred Years War First half of the game. .. .. Charles V , the wise king of France, with the British side in the lead Brétigny-Curry Treaty , which is a truce treaty that puts together the country of France and overturns the inferiority. I talked to the point where I tied up.
This time, Charles V Hundred Years War I will explain until the end.
Who was appointed to suppress Edward the Black Prince? ??
Bertrand du Gueclan Is a poor aristocrat from Brittany who grew up unloved by his mother until posterity, as he was often referred to as "horrible" or "pig in armor".
Known as a rogue lover of jousting when he was young, he was Duchy of Brittany . Serving Hundred Years War The War of the Breton Succession that was happening in conjunction with the British-French war behind the scenes I threw myself as a blower sect.
Eventually, a person supported by Britain, Jean IV Is King of France Charles V The war ended with the gratitude of his vassals, and with this success, Gekran Will be on the rise.
Expedition to the Kingdom of Castile
This Guesclin Was particularly famous for Castile It is an expedition to.
Isn't it annoying for Castile? I think Castile was in an internal conflict at the time, so some powers were rather willing to intervene.
Kingdom of Castile The original firstborn of Pedro I .. However, only two boys were born between his father and the queen, and his eldest son died. On the contrary, Enrique Although he was a normal child, his mother was loved and she gave birth to as many as 10 children including him.
Because of that background, Pedro I Enrique by him and his birth mother Killed his mother Enrique Aim for your life. Pedro I Behind UK Enrique Relied on France.
Why did France send reinforcements to Castile?
Treaty of Brétigny Curry between Britain and France Is tied Hundred Years War Is in a truce, War of the Breton Succession However, at the end of the war, the mercenaries who had been employed until now committed crimes due to their jobs, and security in France began to deteriorate.
So why did France help Castile?
- Improving security by expelling mercenaries
- Economic measures to hire mercenaries
It seems that it had such an aspect.
In the early days, France was defeated Sluis's naval battle There is also a desire to reinforce the French Navy, which had been devastated by the alliance with Castile.
As a result, Gekran for a while Is Black Prince Despite being taken prisoner by (Charles V pays bail to release Guesclin), he eventually led to victory.
Guesclin Is also a key player in rebuilding France, which was quite inferior, such as winning a big victory in Normandy, where King Navarre and Great Britain are close to each other before Castile.
Death of Edward III and the Black Ambassador
Actually Gekran Black Prince Is said to have been prone to illness.
King Castile Pedro I , who should have been on his side Conflict over expedition costs. Returning to his hometown of Aquitaine, the result was that only debt remained.
Castile is Henry II Is in a state of stepping on and kicking. On top of that, Black Prince at Aquitaine Aquitaine falls into a state of financial collapse because he has lived like a king despite being in a position like a lord.
Aquitaine's aristocrats Charles V because of the unreasonableness of taxing each newly installed home. Proceeds in a court (like a place) under the jurisdiction of. I was ordered to appear, but
Because it says this, Charles V He sentenced him to the confiscation of the Duke of Aquitaine. His father, King of England Edward III Disputes the confiscation of the Duke of Aquitaine and reclaims the French throne.
Thus, in 1369, the Hundred Years War Will be restarted.
However, Edward the Black Prince was prone to illness. Did not stand on the battlefield, and when the territories were retaken one after another by the French side, in 1370, the Black Prince himself had to stand on the battlefield by pushing his illness.
Black Prince When he returned to the battlefield, he regained the castle that was stolen by France, but in the city of Limoges, where he opened the castle without resistance when he was robbed by France.
As, it will slaughter 3000 inhabitants.
At the beginning of the series of victories, the Black Prince was popular, but there were questions about the above-mentioned slaughter, tax increases, and treatment of people other than aristocrats. .. .. Black Prince Home of Aquitaine Anti-British sentiment began to sprout.
Under such circumstances, Black Prince finally couldn't stand on the battlefield. Returned to Japan. The Duke of Aquitaine, where anti-British sentiment was born, is Guesclin I will be robbed more and more.
On the other hand, when he actually returned to Japan, his father Edward III Is becoming more and more noticeable in his physical and mental decline, and is the younger brother of the Black Prince, Duke of Lancaster . John Was coming to take control of national affairs.
Regaining control from him Black Prince Embarks on national reform, but Black Prince He also tended to be ill and died of dysentery (or plague) in June 1376 in the middle of the road. Then his father Edward III Died one after another in 1377.
Armistice Agreement of 1375
Edward III And Black Prince Immediately before they died one after another, an armistice agreement was actually established between the two countries. However, due to the death of the king and the crown prince while the forum was set up, a formal peace treaty could not be concluded.
After that, it was Black Prince who became King of England. Son Richard II is.
His uncle Duke of Lancaster John because he was young at the time of his coronation. I was talking about it, including. .. ..
From Richard II (wikipedia)
At that time, the farmers were unable to withstand the heavy taxes and treatment of the farmers and rebelled [ Wat Tyler's Revolt . ] (1381) was caused.
Of course, it may have been a distant cause that social unrest was widespread due to the prolonged war and the epidemic.
* The notation of money is euro € instead of pound sterling. That's wrong.
This Wat Tyler Revolt Richard II I put it in and started the pro-government.
Internal circumstances of both Britain and France
Richard II He (reigned 1377 to 1399) took the throne when he was 10 years old. He was 13 or 4 years old and Wat Tyler's Revolt Suppressed and gained confidence. This will be Richard II later It will be connected to the side of the profession.
These Richard II I would like to talk about the reign of France, but before that, let's take a look at the situation in France.
The death of Charles V and the coronation of the crazy king
Actually Wat Tyler's Ran Charles V overturned that inferiority in the year that happened Died (and Guesclin also died the same year). France has reached a major turning point with the death of the Wise King.
Charles V Son Charles VI (Reigned 1380-1422) succeeded at the age of 11.
He is said to have guarded him by regent until he was 21 years old, and after that he was in charge of self-government and was respected by the people. However, it was until the early twenties.
From Charles VI (wikipedia)
He develops a mental illness and becomes known as the "Crazy King". He eventually became unrecognizable to be his own name or king, so he couldn't do much, though not so much.
Richard II's pro-government and the establishment of the Lancaster dynasty
Richard II around the time of the birth of the Mad King in France Became pro-government, but he was the leader of the council, his uncle Duke of Lancaster, John . He keeps away (the person who presided over national affairs on behalf of Edward III in his later years).
Eventually, by running into tyranny, I began to get antipathy from the aristocrats in Britain. In addition, he prioritized improving relations with France and made his wife a considerably younger child, so Richard II Did not have a firstborn.
Against this background, finally in 1399 Richard II Was deposed and his uncle John died the same year Son is Henry IV As a successor to Lancaster Is born.
Richard II He died the following year and is suspected of being assassinated.
France splits into Burgundian and Armagnac
Lancaster in England Was born in France Charles VI Was virtually out of service.
As a result, in France, the inside of the court is divided and a faction battle begins.
- Burgundian :Centered around Philip II of Burgundy and his son John the Fearless
- Armagnac :Centered around the Duke of Orleans and his son Charles
The intervention here was an alternative Lancaster 2nd generation Henry V is. He didn't get into a particular force and fanned it.
And finally Charles VI In return for support
- Succession of the French throne
- Ceded French territory
- Payment of a large amount of compensation
Request. The Armagnacs, who have received support from the stone, also rejected it as "not much!". Taking this opportunity, Henry V Invaded northern France, but France lost a series of battles.
During this battle, the crown prince died in France, and even the next crown prince died.
Burgundian originally divided in France And Armagnacs Therefore, I would like to avoid the option of "falling to England" if possible.
However, the Armagnac (later) Charles VII began to feel like they were trying to reconcile with each other. Aides are Burgundians Representative Jean I have killed.
Previously, this Jean Is said to have been revenge for the assassination of the Duke of Orleans, the Armagnac representative from the beginning.
Naturally, the Burgundian became "Armagnac cannot be paired". Formed an alliance with the United Kingdom Azincourt I attacked. The French royal army is defeated here.
Charles VI After his death Henry V Inherits the throne
Troyes Treaty It was a situation that led to (1420).
The appearance of Jeanne d'Arc
Treaty of Troyes Two years later, Henry V first (English) is. .. .. Then Charles VI (France) will die one after another.
Henry V As sick and older Charles VI He seemed to think that he wouldn't die earlier, but he didn't plan to die and couldn't become the King of France himself.
So, as the king of both Britain and France, Henry VI Will be enthroned (under 1 year old at that time).
However, control is limited to northern France, with the Duke of Burgundy in the east and the Valois Charles in the south. (7th) takes the throne and controls each. France was supposed to be divided into three parts.
Armagnac Charles Is Henry VI Did not allow the coronation to the King of France.
Eventually, in 1429, the British troops began to move south. France, which was not under control, was also trying to bring it under control.
Charles VII at a key point in the middle of the Loire River Orleans in favor of Will a siege be held in France and France will endure in a disadvantageous situation? When that happened, the girl who led a few soldiers was Orleans . I broke the siege and kicked the British troops.
After that, the troops moved north to Duke of Burgundy . Lance under the control of Has fallen to.
This girl was said to be the maiden of Orleans Jeanne d'Arc is.
Reims was the place where the coronation of the King of France was held for generations, so here Charles VII Held his coronation and became King of France in both light and reality.
The end of the Hundred Years War
Charles VII Jeanne d'Arc to solidify the king's status after the coronation of They are heading to Paris, but they are caught and executed by England on the way.
Charles VII Is said to have killed her, but it is said that she did nothing and turned her hand to help her. She also sought to restore her honor by ordering her to be rehabilitated after she was sentenced.
Also, the Burgundian that was previously hostile And Congress of Arras (1435) was formed to isolate the British troops, and in 1437 the capital Paris was further restored to Normandy and Guyenne. In 1453, the British were driven out of the country except Curry.
Thus Hundred Years War Eventually ended in a French victory.
What happened after the Hundred Years War between France and Britain?
Postwar France not only restored her territory, but also moved to unified rule and strengthened her kingship.
Because the feudal lords had lost their power due to the fact that the lord was also the main force of the battle as a knight and the labor force of the peasants decreased due to the plague epidemic. It is described in detail in "Development and the Decline of Feudal Society").
Taking this opportunity, Charles VII Is bureaucracy And Standing Army Jacques Coeur , a French merchant In partnership with the upper citizens, we will suppress the sacred lords.
Furthermore, the next generation Louis XI Duke of Burgundy , the biggest rival when it comes to Merged up to Absolutism The road was opened up.
On the other hand, in Britain, although it was dominant from beginning to end, it was turned over at the last minute, and the pressure of responsibility began, and rose war It will develop into a civil war in England.