It's a very simple explanation about the background. .. ..
France's Capetian in the midst of territorial disputes Is cut off and a new Valois Dynasty Edward III , King of England, who is related to the Capetian dynasty Started waiting for "I also have the right to inherit" Hundred Years War is.
* The title of England vs. France may be misleading because there is an aspect of the battle for succession to the throne.
This time in both Britain and France
- What kind of person was active?
- What kind of course did you follow?
- What happened after that?
I will try to eliminate these questions.
Hundred Years War Although named 100 years ago, he did not always fight, and proceeded with several truces.
For the sake of convenience, the period from the start of the war on November 1, 1337 to the truce under the Treaty of Brétigny-Curry will be explained as the first half, and the latter half as the latter half, because the domestic situation will change depending on the time when the kings of both countries are different for a long period of time. To go.
In addition, since it seems to be long, this time we will focus only on the first half (1337 to 1360).
Flemish Rebellion
Edward III Declared war on France. .. .. There was no widespread and large-scale war.
Initially Philip VI The other frontline princes seemed reluctant to fight, and the Flemish rebellion collided with "Count of Flanders in France vs. Flemish citizens in England". It is occurring only like this.
* The woolen fabric is an image
Hundred Years War when relations between Britain and France become decisive A year ago, Britain decided to ban the export of wool, which had been exported to Flanders.
As a result, Flemish citizens who were directly influenced by their lives stood up, and the pro-French Count of Flanders was expelled.
Battle of Sluis (1340)
After that, Edward III Was supposed to fight with the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, but Philip VI I continued to exchange with Hararikurari.
On the other hand, Philip VI He avoided direct confrontations, but undertook operations such as attacking the coast of England and cutting off maritime supply routes in order to gain command of the sea. Of course, Britain also opposes this.
From the Battle of Sluys (wikipeia)
This hit in earnest in the 1340 Sluis Naval Battle .. Hundred Years War It is considered to be the main naval battle in Japan.
The British side was a little disadvantaged in terms of strength, but longbow soldiers The presence or absence of is decided the victory or defeat.
The result is a big win in England. The French side is said to have issued a large number of people who were drowned and executed after being captivated.
From Longbow (wikipedia)
Longbow England in the 13th century Is Wales A weapon that was distressed when fighting against Wales Is England After making peace and unifying, I started to incorporate it into my army and equip it.
Originally Philip VI taking this battle as an opportunity And the French princes Edward III Even if he claimed the right to succeed to the throne, it became a reality that he was in a state of "what are you saying? This guy".
On the contrary, the British troops in the land battle were not surprised, and in the same year they signed a two-year truce for the future battle. During this armistice treaty, Philip VI Was doing something to drive Britain.
What did Philip VI set up?
Hundred Years War Kingdom of Scotland's delivery problem ..
I want to unify Britain Edward III Is Hundred Years War Scotland even before King of Scotland in trouble The composition was completed that he fled to France and the King of France concealed it.
You can see it in one shot by looking at the map. .. .. United Kingdom France had a bad relationship with Is Scotland England , which was also the center of England in his own country He refused the request to hand over the King of Scotland because he would be able to pinch him.
This King of Scotland is Philip VI Was returned to Japan during the truce, and Britain was forced to respond to the north and south.
War of the Breton Succession
During the truce, France succeeded in rekindling the Scottish affair, while Britain actively intervened in the succession issue of the Duchy of Brittany in France.
Brittany is geographically close to England, and was very close to the Celts who migrated from Britain in ancient times and was given the count by the King of England.
This succession problem evolved into a war. Two John of Montfort Parent and child and Charles de Blois Battle begins.
The former Duchy of Brittany, who had no son, was a son-in-law Charles de Blois He had promised to succeed to the throne when he married him, but he died without officially designating the next successor. Thus Jean Is Charles I have to wait for the succession of the title.
Philip VI before the British-French armistice expires Wanted to settle this succession issue, but couldn't make it in time, Edward III It will allow landing.
For a long time, from 1341 to 1965, the battle continued with occasional truces. An armistice agreement was signed in 1343, at which point Britain had successfully established a base.
Edward the Black Prince's participation and the death of Philip VI
Until now, there have been many battles that have not been a direct confrontation or a civil war. .. ..
Edward III Son, Edward the Black Prince The participation of the war will bring about a big change in the war situation. He made his debut at the age of 16 Battle of Crécy In (1346), he overturned his inferiority and won the victory, even though he was about to lose.
The longbow corps led by Britain is also active here, and the French army consisting of heavy knights + Oyumi corps will continue to lose the war.
Furthermore, the British side is said to have used cannon tactics for the first time.
From "Edward the Black Prince at the Battle of Creçy on 26th August 1346 in the Hundred Years War"
The Battle of Creçy 1346
The French port city Curry , which serves as the gateway between Britain and France. Edward the Black Prince Occupied (1347).
Curry Is a place of great advantage in the war, which makes it much easier to supply supplies and troops from Britain.
* Scotland was also suppressed by Edward III around this time.
Meanwhile, Battle of Crécy Behind the scenes of Flandre Was wiped out by the British camp after the victory of the French camp, but Battle of Crécy for the French camp. Defeat and Curry Occupation Has resulted in financial turmoil.
So, from a French aristocrat, Avignon Papacy Roman emperor of the period Clement VI By Armistice Was tied.
Meanwhile, in Europe, plague Began to spread. The damage was so great that it began to be sought to make the truce permanent.
Modified "Plague Propagation in Medieval Europe (Second Pandemic)" from Plague (wikipedia)
However, Philip VI Died in the midst of such a turmoil in 1350 and became his successor to his son John II . The situation changed when it came to.
Battle of Poitiers
Philip VI Died, John II Discussions continued after he took the throne to a complete truce. When the following agreement is to be reached between the two parties. .. ..
Chief Executive Officer John II Overturns this agreement. Thus Hundred Years War To be restarted.
Black Prince Started riding (a cavalry raid on a village, a production base), John II Counters this and Black Prince And Poitiers It has developed into a direct confrontation.
This Battle of Poitiers John II Was captured in England and died after living a respected prisoner of war in England until 1964.
John II 5 years after the throne, Hundred Years War The second king has left the front stage.
The appearance of Charles V, the wise king
Father John II Was captured and replaced by French rule as regent Charles V is. After he became regent,
- Great defeat at the Battle of Poitiers
- The rural area was devastated by the riding of the Black Prince
- Deterioration of security due to the collapse of mercenaries
- Social anxiety about plague
Peasant revolt Jacquerie revolt The situation in France was so unstable that it happened.
Of course, if there is anxiety about the situation, a truce. .. .. Jacquerie's Ran Discussions have been going on for some time.
During this discussion, John II was a prisoner of war. Had changed his mind to "conclude a treaty" by admitting the truce condition of "accept the territory instead of giving up the French throne of England" that had been wiped out before, but this time Charles V Did not admit this.
Black Prince Even if he resumed his riding and was provoked, he did not ride, and after waiting for the British military funds to run out, Avignon Papacy Pope of the Age Pope Innocent VI Armistice Agreement ・ Brétigny-Curry Treaty Was tied.