The country of Kai in the Muromachi period was a time of turmoil that was very messy and confusing. It was Mr. Takeda who inherited the protection of the country of Kai, and it is the family of the Kai Genji Soke.
In this era, the house turmoil is the norm for any daimyo family. The internal conflict of the Takeda Soke is not only for the national forces but also for Yamanouchi-Uesugi And Sagami's Hojo Soun (Munemizu Ise), Suruga's Imagawa Ujichika We also had an alliance with foreign powers such as. It was Nobutora Takeda, the father of Shingen Takeda, who unified the rewards in such an internal conflict.
However, Nobutora Takeda Is banished from his firstborn Harunobu (Shingen) coup d'etat.
As a result, Harunobu Takeda * (Shingen) Became the 19th head of the Kai Takeda family. So, this time, I would like to talk about Takeda Shingen before and after the coup d'etat.
* For the sake of clarity, we will write it as Shingen below.
Shingen's Rebellion against Nobutora
Shingen Takeda was born in 1521, between his father, Nobutora, and his mother, Oi. It seems that there was an older brother named Takematsu on the top, but he died in 1523 at the age of seven. There, Shingen (Taro at that time) was raised as a firstborn.
Two years later, a younger brother, Jiro, was born between Nobutora and Oi. Nobutora's interest gradually shifts to Jiro, and Shingen becomes estranged.
Meanwhile
- Repeated natural disasters and famine / epidemics
- The territory is exhausted not only by natural disasters but also by the continuation of the war
It is said that the dissatisfaction of the vassals with Nobutora's rule of Kai led to a coup d'etat.
The coup d'etat is planned by the dissatisfied vassals (Nobukata Itagaki, Amari Torayasu, etc.) and Shingen.
Nobutora was banished to Suruga, where his son-in-law, Yoshimoto Imagawa, was, and Shingen became the 19th head of the family.
What did Shingen Takeda do to solidify the ground in Kai?
Originally, Kai Province is a mountainous land and there are few flatlands, so it is difficult to make paddy fields. That is why Nobutora worked to expand his territory, but his feet were wobbling and a coup d'etat was caused.
In 1542, the year after Shingen became the head of the family, a great flood occurred in Kai. Instead of seeking a solution outside like his predecessor, Nobutora, he worked on the hydraulic control of the river, which was the cause in the first place. If the river can be controlled, the damage to crops caused by floods can be minimized.
The hydraulic engineering work was a big project that took a long time of about 20 years. Various ingenuity was devised, and the result was Shingen Embankment . (Shingen Tsutsumi), It is a method of controlling the flow of the river, and the Shingen embankment still has a hydraulic function . Is a surprise.
Originally, it seems that there was a technique very similar to Ming's technical book, but I do not know how I learned it. However, in the case of Shingen, it is rare in the Warring States period collegiality . Since it was said that he was in charge of the administration, he may have taken in the opinions expressed at the meeting.
Shinano's settlement of Shinano Province
As I mentioned earlier, Kai is a mountainous land. On the other hand, Shinano Province, which I was paying attention to, is an attractive land with abundant water sources. It has been a long-cherished place since the time of his father, Nobutora.
* The yield of rice in 2017 is 43rd among 47 prefectures in Yamanashi prefecture, while it is 13th in Nagano prefecture. The yield is twice that of Yamanashi. Under Yamanashi prefecture, there is only Okinawa, which has a different food culture from the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Osaka.
When Nobutora went on an expedition, he changed his policy to form an alliance with Mr. Imagawa of Suruga, Mr. Yamanouchi Uesugi of Ueno, Mr. Uesugi Ogiya, and Mr. Suwa of Shinano to send troops to Saku-gun and Chiisagata-gun of Shinano. Start invading Suwa territory.
Shingen started in 1542 and is a national of Shinano Takato Yoritsugu . And invaded Suwa territory. He drops Uehara Castle and Kuwabara Castle and settles Suwa (after that, Yoritsugu is hostile due to territorial disputes).
After that, the owner of Nagakubo Castle Sadataka Oi (1543), Takato Castle's Takato Yoritsugu (1545) is destroyed, and the owner of Fukuyo Castle, Yorichika Fujisawa, is expelled and Minamishinano is suppressed. In 1544, he and Mr. Gohojo, who were hostile to the Nobutora era, and Mr. Gohojo, and the following year, arbitrated the relationship between Mr. Imagawa and Mr. Gohojo. come).
Yoshikiyo Murakami , the owner of Katsurao Castle based in Saku after the suppression of Minamishinano .. Itagaki Nobukata and Amari Torayasu who lost to the Murakami army in the Battle of Uedahara in 1548 and made a contribution to the expulsion of Nobutora. Lose.
Ogasawara Nagatoki of Nishi Shinano who saw the situation as an opportunity came, but on the contrary, the Takeda army repelled, and Naka Shinano also became Shingen's territory. Takeda's army attacked Murakami's territory with momentum, Yukitaka Sanada Takeda becomes dominant when Toishi Castle is dropped by the strategy (corresponding to Nobuyuki and Yukimura's grandfather).
Finally Yoshikiyo Murakami Abandoned Katsurao Castle and Keitora Nagao (Kenshin Uesugi) in Echigo Escape to. In this way, Shingen settled Shinano, but the case in which Mr. Murakami, who rang this bravery to the world, went down to Kenshin would make a big difference in history.
What is the battle of Kawanakajima that fought for the complete conquest of Shinano?
Isn't it a fairly famous battle among the many battles of the Warring States period? The battle between Shingen Takeda and Kenshin Uesugi, who are well-known as good fighters, began in 1553 and occurred five times in total for 11 years.
The reason for the first battle was the relief of Mr. Murakami and other Shinano lords to recapture the territory and the sense of crisis that Shingen might move north to Echigo.
Kawanakajima is located at the confluence of the Chikuma and Sai rivers that flow through Sarashina-gun in Shinano, and is Kai / Echigo / Ueno . It is a key point that leads to. At that time, water transportation was the best way to carry large quantities of goods. It was an indispensable place to govern Shinano and Kai.
The three battles that took place between 1553 and 1557 were not large-scale battles, but none of them was a skirmish and won or lost. Behind the battle of Kawanakajima, Shingen strengthened the relationship with Mr. Imagawa Suruga and Mr. Hojo Sagami by forming a marriage relationship and concluded the Kososun Trilateral Alliance.
This alliance is also a stepping stone to the invasion of Shinano from Takeda's position. There is neither a former nor a child if the territory is captured by being attacked from the surroundings while attacking north to acquire the territory.
The biggest battle was the 4th Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561.
It is also reported that there was a single combat between Shingen and Kenshin. It is said that the famous woodpecker tactic of Kansuke Yamamoto was also used at this time, but the truth is not clear, including one-on-one combat.
Takeda's younger brother and deputy general Yukimura And Kansuke Yamamoto It seems that 4000 people have died, including influential vassals. The Uesugi army, on the other hand, is said to have killed 3,000 people, even if no influential commander died.
Both of them caused great damage, but even in this battle, the two armies retreated without being settled.
Three years later, there was another glare on Kawanakajima, but it did not lead to a full-scale battle. Although there was no match, the original purpose of Shingen "Shinano rule" Has been steadily increased during the five invasions, which is significant for Shingen.
In addition to being able to achieve his goals, Shingen is trying to change his foreign policy due to a shocking incident. Thus Shingen Takeda and Kenshin Uesugi The battle has ended.
Foreign policy change and Yoshinobu case
Shingen had many children, but his firstborn was Takeda Yoshinobu . .. Sanjo Kinyori's daughter, Sanjo, was her mother and was perfect in terms of bloodline, and she was also excellent in her courage. ..
That Yoshinobu was tied behind the battle of Kawanakajima Koso Shun Trilateral Alliance In order to strengthen (1554), the daughter of Suruga's Yoshimoto Imagawa is heading to Seishitsu for a political marriage.
Under the above circumstances, Yoshimoto Imagawa of Suruga was defeated in the Battle of Okehazama in 1560.
Many of Imagawa's chief retainers died in the Okehazama, Matsudaira (Ieyasu Tokugawa) left Imagawa and formed a Kiyoshu alliance with Nobunaga Oda, and other vassals were also upset and the death of the owner was kicked. Conflicts continue.
Shingen has already increased his territory in the Battle of Kawanakajima, and the alliance between Takeda and Imakawa has become much less important because he no longer has to fight Uesugi. Furthermore, since Takeda's territory was in a position where neither Kai nor Shinano faced the "sea" and it was difficult to build wealth through trade, Shingen began to see Imagawa as an invader rather than an alliance partner.
Yoshinobu did not accept such a change in his father's policy, and the relationship between parents and children became terrible.
" Obu Toramasa " close to Yoshinobu who was watching Yoshinobu's appearance (In addition to having a territory on the prefectural border with Suruga, he was appointed as a guardian of Yoshinobu), and his aides "Gengoro Nagasaka" and "Toramori Sone" began to talk about the assassination of Shingen, and the plan became Shingen. After being exposed, they were executed as masterminds of the rebellion.
1565 Although Yoshinobu was not directly involved in the Shingen assassination plan, he was imprisoned and abandoned at Tokoji Temple in Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture, and was forced to commit suicide two years later.
Instead, Katsuyori, the fourth son with a mother from the Suwa family, was named as his successor.
Katsuyori was nominated because his second brother was blind and his third son had died. He may have also had the purpose of curbing Suwa. The Takeda family has been writing [ Shin for generations. ] Is attached, but Katsuyori is Suwa's character [ Yori ] Was inherited. From this, it can be seen that Katsuyori was originally out of the Takeda family's trace.
Shingen promotes a wedding between Katsuyori and Nobunaga's daughter (adopted daughter, Ryusho-in) in order to deepen the relationship with the Oda clan, and engages Nobunaga's son with Shingen's daughter, Matsuhime, to form an alliance.
Battle with Imakawa and Hojo
1568 Promised to ceded Totomi and started invading Mikawa's Tokugawa Ieyasu and Suruga. He also approached Hojo in Sagami Province to invade Suruga, but when Hojo Ujiyasu refused to do so, he sent reinforcements to Imagawa and dissolved the Koso alliance with Takeda.
As a countermeasure, Shingen formed an alliance with Hitachi and Shimousa in the northern Kanto region to put pressure on Hojo. Takeda and Hojo collide with each other, and the Takeda army wins.
On the other hand, at the same time, Shingen confronts Ieyasu due to territorial disputes, Ieyasu and Ieyasu reconcile, and Matsudaira withdraws from the invasion of Ieyasu. Totomi became ruled by Ieyasu as Imakawa entered Matsudaira.
Shingen uses his skillful foreign policy to rule Suruga, and Sunpu is also under his control.
In addition, one of the foreign policies to advance this battle in an advantageous manner includes peace with Kenshin Uesugi, who was a partner who could not win or lose in the battle. This peace was due to the connection with Nobunaga.
By the way, when Imakawa was destroyed and the head of the Hojo clan changed, Shingen and Hojo formed an alliance again. It's a complicated and mysterious alliance situation ...
Participation in Nobunaga's siege and Shingen's death
1568 Oda Nobunaga Dedicates Shogun Yoshiaki Ashikaga to Joraku, but the two eventually confront each other. The gonaisho will also be delivered to Shingen.
By this time, Shingen was also in danger of Nobunaga's forces, but Shingen did not respond to his first 1568 call.
Shingen actually started to move in 1572 From the siege. The reason for this is largely related to the siege of Mount Hiei that occurred during the first siege.
Shingen himself severely criticized this siege of Mount Hiei. He concealed Kakujo-hosou, the lord of Tendai-zasu, who escaped the burning, and was given a high position as a monk by the measure of Kakujo-ho. Shingen revealed his confrontation with Nobunaga.
Having said that, he did not face Nobunaga directly and attacked Totomi, the territory of Ieyasu, who had a delicate relationship with him for a long time 1573 . It will lead to the battle of Mikatagahara. After defeating Ieyasu in Mikatagahara, he invaded Mikawa. He drops Noda Castle, but his illness worsens.
1573 He died on the way to Kai in April.
He was 53 years old.
He is also referred to as stomach cancer and tuberculosis and is not known to be (again) clear.
- Hide Shingen's death for 3 years after death
- His body sinks into Lake Suwa
- Being a guardian until Nobuyuki's succession
And
- Relying on Kenshin Uesugi
It is said that he told Katsuyori and entrusted him with the aftermath.
Katsuyori does not hold a funeral according to his will and ostensibly pretends to be Shingen's retreat, but Nobunaga and Ieyasu escape from the predicament because they get caught in the surroundings. As you know, he has been active since then.
Shingen Takeda Speaking of which, the image of a military commander who is good at war is strong, but he is a " politician " who conducts diplomacy carefully so as not to lose. 』And was also excellent in his skill as.
Shingen has had a lot of trouble with Ieyasu, but in addition to adopting Shingen's technique in the Edo period, the armor lent by the shogunate to the Hatamoto of the small ten people who are in charge of escort when the shogun goes out is arranged in red. The influence of Takeda Shingen can be seen in various places, and it is said that Shingen was very popular during the Edo period.
Even now, the Shingen-ko Festival is held from Friday to Sunday before Shingen's death (April 12). A big actor plays the role of Shingen in the past, so I would like to see it.
Shingen has been betrayed and conspired many times, but it became popular until posterity from Kaiichikuni, where resources are scarce, to Shinano and Suruga, and to Ueno, Totomi, Mikawa, Hida, and part of Etchu. Probably because it produced a result that was much more piercing than people, such as expanding.
There is no "if" in history, but if you lived a little longer, the world of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu might have changed.