- In the mid-19th century, Japan faced pressure from Western powers to open its ports to international trade and diplomatic relations. This sparked a domestic transformation known as the Meiji Restoration in 1868.
2. Technological and Military Overhaul:
- The Meiji reformers undertook an aggressive program of industrialization and militarization. They adopted Western technological advancements in shipbuilding, weaponry, and industrial machinery.
3. Rapid Industrialization:
- Japan transformed itself from a feudal society into a modernized nation within a few decades. Industrial complexes and mechanized factories mushroomed, boosting the nation's manufacturing capacity.
4. Colonial Expansion:
- In search of natural resources and markets, Japan began an era of overseas expansion. They annexed Okinawa, and claimed territories in Korea and Taiwan. Imperialism contributed to military tensions.
5. Education Reform:
- The educational system saw major reforms after the Meiji Restoration. The government made primary education compulsory for all in 1872, aiming to create a modernized, educated workforce.
6. International Ambitions:
- As Japan modernized and achieved economic and military successes, they harbored ambitions to become a leading player on the international stage and rival Western powers.