Flow from the opening of the country to the end of the Edo period 2 The end of the Edo Shogunate-Abolition of the feudal clan

First of all, a chronological table to grasp the flow ...

Second Choshu Subjugation

Since the Choshu clan was taken over by Shinsaku Takasugi, an anti-shogunate sect, he will once again show a rebellious attitude toward the shogunate. Therefore, the shogunate will subdue Choshu again.

However, because the Satsuma domain refused to send troops due to the secret agreement of the Satsuma Alliance, the Shogunate army could not attack the Choshu domain and was at a disadvantage. At that time, the Shogunate stopped the conquest of Choshu because Shogun Iemo died suddenly.

When Yoshinobu Tokugawa became the 15th shogun, he was eager to reform the politics, but the sudden death of Emperor Komyō, a Kobu Gattai sect, hurt the shogunate.

Taisei Hokan and the destruction of the Edo Shogunate

Yoshinobu made an effort to rebuild the shogunate, but the momentum of the shogunate was increasing in the Satsuma and Choshu clan. Among them, Ryoma Sakamoto And Goto Shojiro Is Tosa Domain Toyoshige Yamauchi Through this, he was working to return the government to the shogun. Ryoma et al. Are the coalition governments of various hans including Yoshinobu under the imperial court. I was envisioning a theory of public politics.

Shogun Yoshinobu accepted the opinion of the Tosa feudal lord and Taisei Hokan The we. Yoshinobu thought that Tokugawa's initiative would be maintained even if he returned to power.

However, at this time, another speculation was secretly advanced.

For the Sat-Chō of the armed defeat group, the repatriation of the Taisei Hokan, in which Tokugawa remained in power, was an unwelcome event.

Propulsion official house Iwakura Tomomi who was tied to Satcho Secretly proclaimed a defeat order on the day of accepting the Taisei Hokan I did.

One month after the Taisei Hokan, Ryoma Sakamoto Is assassination Will be done. The Sat-Chō clan has sufficient motives to assassinate Ryoma who realized the Taisei Hokan, but this is not the case because there are various theories about the assassination of Ryoma.

After Ryoma's death, Sat-Chō took the initiative and the great command of the restoration of the royal government . Establishment of a new government without Tokugawa I will proceed. Governor / Decision / Counselor under the Emperor The Edo Shogunate, which has continued for more than 260 years, will be over.

Edo Castle Bloodless Kaijo

Shogunate is destroyed in a coup d'etat called Restoration It became the form. There is a view that the destruction of the Edo Shogunate =the end of the Edo period, but here we will go a little further.

Shogun Yoshinobu, who was the target of the disposition under the Great Order of the Restoration, returns to Osaka Castle once and sends troops to Kyoto. This is Battle of Toba-Fushimi is.

Despite the fact that the size of the soldiers was about one-third in this battle, the new government army that introduced new weapons easily wins. The defeated Shogunate army and Yoshinobu secretly retreat to Edo.

The new government, which intends to destroy Tokugawa, heads to Edo to pursue it.

Bakushin Katsu Kaishu before the total attack on Edo And Saigo Takamori The meeting will be realized. At this meeting, Edo Castle was to be surrendered without blood. Popularly referred to as Edo Castle Bloodless Kaijo is.

Those who were dissatisfied with this decision stood in Ueno, but soon suppressed it. There was resistance from the Aizu and Tohoku feudal clan and the occupation of Goryokaku by Takeaki Enomoto and others, but they surrendered before the new government forces.

This series of conflicts is Boshin War Is called.

During the Boshin War, the new government has a political policy that indicates that a new government has been established, five-article oath . Emit.

Edo was changed to Tokyo and the era name was Meiji . It was said.

Since the Meiji era, the one-generation system has been the first issue of the Emperor Ichidai. It reaches the present that will be established.

At the end of the Aizu War, the emperor goes out to Tokyo. Following the fact that the emperor was in Tokyo as it was, relocation to Tokyo Was carried out.

This was the determination of the new government to renew the old customs and promote politics, as stated in the five-article oath.

Five Articles of Oath

• Meetings should be held widely, and the politics of the world should be decided by the opinions of people
• Regardless of your status, you should do politics in unison
• It's important for everyone to get rid of their ambitions and not let people get bored
• You should stop the bad habits and follow the reason of the world
• Incorporating foreign knowledge, the emperor should build a foundation for the business of governing the nation

The content showed the attitude toward the common people, such as the prohibition of cliques and gōso.

From the repatriation of the version to the abolished feudal clan

The Meiji government immediately set out to solidify the government system centered on the emperor. So the government returned the territories and people to the emperor.

This is repatriation Is called.

Introduction Satsucho Dohi Set an example, and other clan followed it.

In the early Meiji era, two governments and six ministries However, most of the counselors who move politics were from Satsunaga Dohi.

However, because the former feudal lord was in charge of the feudal affairs, it was not very effective in strengthening the system of the new government, and there was strong opposition from the feudal lord.

So the government is Abolition of the Clan Plan.

Takamori Saigo I decided to gather the army under the direct control of the government from the chief of the Satsuma, etc., and let the military power speak and deprive the clan of the authority.

As a result, the plan for the abolished feudal clan went well without much resistance from the feudal lords.

Perhaps most clan had no power to resist with a budget deficit. He also understood that centralization was necessary to compete with foreign countries.

Due to the decisive action of this abolished feudal clan, the Bakuhan system is completely terminated . Did.

The whole country will be unified into administrative units of prefectures, and a new prefectural governor / prefectural ordinance will be appointed by the government to establish a centralized national system.