There are various theories about the Azuchi-Momoyama period, but here it is the period from the expulsion of Yoshiaki Ashikaga in 1573 to the time when Ieyasu Tokugawa became a shogun in 1603.
This era can be broadly divided into Oda Nobunaga's centralization And Toyotomi Hideyoshi was in power It can be divided into. Taking the names of these two people, this era is Oriho era It is called (shokuho).
Chronology of the Oritoyo era
First of all, the Zackli chronology ...
1573 Expulsion of Yoshiaki Ashikaga from Kyoto (de facto destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate)
1575 Battle of Nagashino
1576 Azuchi Castle completed
1580 Conflict with Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple ends (Ishiyama Battle)
1582 Nobunaga is defeated by the Honnoji Incident
1583 Kiyosu Conference, Battle of Shizugatake
1584 Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
1585 Hideyoshi Kampaku inaugurated with Toyotomi surname
1590 Odawara Hojo clan subjugation to unify the world ...
1592 Korean troops [role of Bunroku]
1595 Toyotomi Hidetsugu Seppuku Incident
1598 Korean troops [role of Keicho]
1598 Toyotomi Hideyoshi died
1600 Battle of Sekigahara
1603 Ieyasu Tokugawa becomes Shogun [Beginning of the Edo period]
Focusing on the above events, I will explain the flow from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the Edo period.
Nobunaga Oda takes control of the government
1568 Oda Nobunaga shortly before the fall of the Muromachi Shogunate Is Yoshiaki Ashikaga I will dedicate myself to Joraku. This Yoshiaki Is 15th Shogun Muromachi It will be. In this way, Nobunaga seized power of the shogunate as a guardian of Yoshiaki.
However, Yoshiaki is dissatisfied with the position that is nothing more than Nobunaga's decoration, and the two begin to confront each other. This conflict never subsided, 1573 , Nobunaga expelled Yoshiaki and virtually the destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate It will be.
After that, Nobunaga was Asai / Asakura / Miyoshi . And solidify the power of Kinai.
1575 , Nobunaga Battle of Nagashino In Katsuyori Takeda Break. After this battle, the Takeda family will continue to decline.
1580 The long battle with Ishiyama Hongan-ji was put to an end, and most of Kinai came under Nobunaga's control. Around that time, Hokuriku Katsuie Shibata , Chugoku region Hideyoshi Hashiba , Kanto Takigawa Kazumasu I was doing the total finishing to Tenkafubu with the corps commander.
However, 1582 (Tensho 10) Akechi Mitsuhide Honnoji Incident due to the rebellion of Will commit suicide.
Flow until the establishment of Toyotomi administration
1583 After Nobunaga's death, the Oda clan's old man, Hashiba Hideyoshi, Shibata Katsuie, Niwa Nagahide, Ikeda Tsuneoki Held a meeting in Kiyosu and made the Oda clan's reign a 3-year-old firstborn Sanboshi It is decided by succeeding. Hideyoshi and Katsuie were originally in conflict, but this Kiyosu Conference Battle of Shizugatake So both sides will fight.
Hideyoshi, who won the battle of Shizugatake, will increase his power within the Oda family. In addition, even the adult of the 3-year-old Sanboshi who succeeded the family reign acting family Nobukatsu Oda Entered Azuchi Castle and moved the government.
Eventually Hideyoshi and Nobuo are in conflict. It is said that this is Hideyoshi's plan to encourage Hideyoshi to sell good fights.
In this conflict, Nobuo will fight Hideyoshi with Ieyasu.
1584 Battle of Komaki Nagakute is. The battle was won by the Allied Forces of Ieyasu and Nobuo. However, Hideyoshi was the top actor here, and Hideyoshi decided that it was an obstacle to unification of the world to contend with Ieyasu anymore. Independent peace I tried.
From Nobuo's point of view, Hideyoshi is trying to take over the world of the Oda clan So peace is unthinkable. Also, if you really want to make peace, it is a good idea to consult with Ieyasu, who is a collaborator.
However, instead of refusing the peace, Nobuo will proceed with the peace with Hideyoshi without the consultation of Ieyasu. When that happens, Ieyasu will have a cause to fight Hideyoshi, so he will reconcile with Hideyoshi and the series of battles will end.
1585 Kampaku from the imperial court I will be given the Toyotomi surname by being ordered by. This is the moment when Hideyoshi was recognized by the imperial court as an influential person in the world But there was. At this time, the de facto Toyotomi administration was born beyond the Oda clan, which is already the main family.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi unifies the world
1586, Hideyoshi sent a messenger to make Ieyasu Tokugawa, who fought in the battle of Komaki Nagakute, to be a vassal. However, Ieyasu didn't shake his head vertically. So Hideyoshi is his mother, Kodai-in . Was sent to Ieyasu as a hostage to guarantee the personal safety of Ieyasu in the event of Joraku. In this way, Ieyasu also became a servant of the Toyotomi clan.
It seems that this hostage was also intended to be the cause of the subjugation of Ieyasu if something happened to her mother.
Due to Ieyasu's obedience, Uesugi of Echigo, Mouri of Aki , 1587 Satsuma Shimazu He gave in and came under the control of Toyotomi west of Osaka.
1590, Sou Safe Order Odawara for violating Hojo Family Attack. Tohoku during this attack on Odawara Date clan , Mogami I will also make you obey. After winning this attack on Odawara, Hideyoshi unified the world Will play.
Hideyoshi, who achieved national unification, 1592 We will dispatch soldiers to the Korean Peninsula aiming for Ming. ( The role of Bunroku ) Initially, the Japanese army overwhelmed the Korean regular army and won consecutive battles. But 1593 Around that time, both armies fell short of troops and peace negotiations with the messenger. I will start a truce.
The collapse of the Toyotomi administration
1593, Hideyoshi is a real child Hideyori From the time when was born, the Toyotomi administration will go up the stairs of collapse. Hideyoshi had given up on the birth of his own child before Hideyori was born, so his nephew Hideji took over his succession. He gave up Kampaku and nominated him as his successor.
But 1595 Hideji orders seppuku on suspicion of rebellion.
1597 The story of peace with Ming broke down Then, I will send troops to Korea again. ( The role of Keicho However, Hideyoshi died in 1598 As a result, the war is no longer in progress, and an order to return to the entire army is issued.
Only 6-year-old firstborn Hideyori after Hideyoshi's death Takes over his family. Therefore, Kiyomasa Kato and Masanori Fukushima have been smoldering since Hideyoshi was in the administration. Budan-ha and Mitsunari Ishida, Yukinaga Konishi The Bunchi-ha confrontation has surfaced.
Toshiie Maeda, the only daimyo who was able to compete with Ieyasu Naka, died, 1599 It was that.
Taking this opportunity, Ieyasu began to take control of the Toyotomi administration.
Battle of Sekigahara
While Ieyasu took control of the government, the Bunchi-ha Mitsunari Ishida I will deepen the conflict. And Mitsunari Ishida is Kagekatsu Uesugi, Terumoto Mori, Hideie Ukita In collaboration with others, 1600 Sekigahara Collide with.
This battle of Sekigahara is often described as the battle between Mitsunari Ishida and Ieyasu Tokugawa, but strictly speaking, it is not the Toyotomi family vs. the Tokugawa family, but the internal battle of the Toyotomi administration.
Looking at the actual eastern and western lords ...
East Army Ieyasu Tokugawa, Masanori Fukushima, Nagamasa Kuroda, Tadaoki Hosokawa, Kiyomasa Kato
VS
Western Army Mitsunari Ishida, Yukinaga Konishi, Hideie Ukita, Yoshitsugu Otani, Terumoto Mori
As you can see, there are Kiyomasa Kato and Masanori Fukushima, the warlords of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's child-rearing, in the East Army. In addition, Ieyasu defines the Western army led by Mitsunari as a rebellion against Hideyori Toyotomi, the successor to Hideyoshi, so Ieyasu wants to fight as a representative of the Toyotomi administration . You can see that.
Eventually, it will be Toyotomi VS Tokugawa in the Siege of Osaka, but at the time of Sekigahara, the Toyotomi administration's internal conflict Keep in mind that.
If you keep this down, it will be easier to understand the siege of Osaka later.
Inauguration of the Tokugawa administration and destruction of the Toyotomi family
1603 after the Battle of Sekigahara To Ieyasu Appointed Shogun General from the imperial court Being opening the Edo Shogunate. Here Edo period Will be. (I wear it a little ...)
Ieyasu first confiscates the territory under the direct control of the Toyotomi clan as a territory in order to fix power. Here Toyotomi Hideyori is 650,000 stones from a daimyo of 2.2 million stones. I pushed it to become a daimyo.
Also in 1605 , Ieyasu quickly took up the post of general with his son Hidetada I will give it to you.
This is to let the world know that the general position will be inherited by the Tokugawa family for generations . It is said that. It is no exaggeration to say that it is shown to the Toyotomi family rather than the world.
In the previous battle of Sekigahara, " Rebellion against Hideyoshi's successor Hideyori Therefore, it is unavoidable for Toyotomi to think that Hideyori is an orthodox successor.
In short,
" It is the Tokugawa family, not the Toyotomi family, who will rule the samurai government in the future
That's why I appealed to the Toyotomi family.
Ieyasu did not relax his vigilance even if he tried to weaken the Toyotomi clan in this way.
That anxiety is Hideyori's inauguration of Kampaku.
The Tokugawa family is Shogun Even if you have the official position, Kampaku is the closest to the emperor. There was a concern that a daimyo who was indebted to Hideyoshi might follow the Toyotomi clan if he got the job.
There, " National Yasushi, Kiminomi Toyoraku written on the bell of the famous Hokoji Temple. " Ieyasu is torn apart at a low price, and Toyotomi, the monarch, enjoys the interpretation of the character. ] I made a cause for destroying the Toyotomi clan by forcibly forcing it.
In this way, I headed to the siege of Osaka, 1614 The Toyotomi family will be destroyed.