When visiting European museums, its hard not to feel jealous. The wonderful collections of the Habsburgs, Windsor and Bourbons delight millions of tourists. In Vienna, the extraordinary Chamber of Art and Miracles occupies almost forty exhibition halls. We only have a rebuilt castle and a couple of
The inconveniences of travel, the dangers lurking at every step and the great responsibility - this was the task of the Home Army couriers. They did not have the opportunity to drink vodka on the plane of cheap airlines. Although with a bit of luck, they could count on luxuries unavailable to other
Poland had its own 007 spy. His name was Zacharski, Marian Zacharski. Only that instead of the charm and extraordinary talents of Her Majestys agent, he had mainly ... a stroke of luck. Marian Zacharski ps. Pay is presented as the truest ace of Polish intelligence. As Czesław Kiszczak said about
Ruthless murderers with the blood of relatives on their hands. Makers of the Dwarf Guard. And exhibitionists, inviting thirty witnesses to their wedding night. We present ten facts from the history of the great dynasty that will change your perspective on Polish history. As always, all TOP10 ite
He transformed political conformism into his life motto. He even entered into marriage only to buy into the favors of the leader. Nevertheless, he was just killed on the orders of Duce. As the midnight passes, Galeazzo Ciano - former foreign minister of fascist Italy, and still the son-in-law of
Polish autonomy, Polish courts, schools, universities, newspapers and books, Polish theater and industry. Where? In the Soviet Union. When? Just before Stalin decided to condemn all Poles to death. In 1921, a new national policy was adopted in Bolshevik Russia, thanks to which all nations living
Kulaks, agents of foreign intelligence, Trotskyists, counter-revolutionaries and other imaginary enemies of the people were either dead or dying in labor camps. Nothing threatened Stalins power anymore, and it was time to end the massive terror. It was enough to… speed up the murder. It might se
Is it possible that Joseph Stalin was a Pole? The secretary general of the CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev, and with him half of the Soviet politburo certainly believed it. Where did this idea come from? Find out in our infographic.
Do you think that Bronisław Komorowski and Magdalena Ogórek have a bad campaign? 25 years ago Tadeusz Mazowiecki showed that you can have recognition, competence and support from the media, and yet lose grossly with a man from nowhere. After the round table and parliamentary elections in June 19
Demolished Eiffel Tower. Mass executions. Monuments razed to the ground. Hitler ordered his troops to defend Paris to death. In the event of a defeat, the French capital was to be wiped off the face of the earth. However, the Führer did not foresee that the general who was supposed to do it would he
The fall of 1956 in the communist bloc was stormy. Changes at the top of power in Poland, a bloodily suppressed uprising in Hungary. Only the Soviet Union seemed to remain a peaceful island of model socialism. The button is right! The Russians also rioted. The authorities there simply remembered the
Edward Śmigły-Rydz could not boast of any special successes as the Polish commander-in-chief in the September campaign. He was much better at ... hiding treasures. And dozens of treasure trucks! A peculiar collection of documents can be found in the archives of the General Sikorski Institute an
Young Władysław seemed to be the last possible candidate for the future king of Poland. Not only did he not look very presentable (he was known to be a dwarf), but he did not even have his own principality. And mommy caused him problems as soon as he was born ... In the Middle Ages, the older your
He was one of the most powerful people in the Third Reich. As deputy Führer, he enjoyed influence and trust. He sacrificed all this to go to Britain on a secret peace mission that he had set for himself. He almost lost his life on the way. He hoped that at least on the spot he would be received with
Publishers are predicting the collapse of the European Union more and more loudly. One of the most popular modern futurologists - George Friedman - actually referred it to history, seeing in the present crisis a repeat of the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to Friedman, however, we have no c
In the times of the last Piast princes, independent Mazovia was a good morsel, as Zygmunt the Old knew very well. In order to merge the principality with the Crown, he planned a dynastic marriage of his daughter with the elder of the two land heirs and extended the right of heir to the throne to bot
Textbooks say that tsarist Russia ceased to exist with the abdication of Nicholas II. There was, however, the capital where the official tsarist embassy, recognized by the local authorities, operated a dozen or so years later! And it is not about Paris or London at all, but Romanian Bucharest.
Fifteenth-century Italy is a land full of patrons of art, music, elegant ladies and court young men as well as talented artists. However, this idyllic image of a peninsula of beauty and artistry is just a facade. Behind it was a world of intrigue and power struggles, in which the dagger and poison b
When an ailing Franklin D. Roosevelt died in Warm Springs, Georgia on April 12, 1945, he served as president of the United States for a long 12 years. However, history could have turned out quite differently. It was close, and he would never have assumed this position. On February 15, 1933, he liter
In 1933, the United States unexpectedly established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. These were turbulent years in a socialist paradise, and the newly appointed American ambassadors witnessed the purges and Stalinist terror. But instead of informing President Roosevelt about the criminal
Status of women in modern times Modern period in Indian history refers to the end of the Mughal rule and the beginning of the rule of the East India Company to the present time. The British established two types of government systems in the country by defeating the native rulers. In the first syst
In the State Archives in Poznań there is the so-called File of witchcraft trials. These files were compiled by a specially appointed SS unit in the years 1935–1944. Why were the Nazis interested in witchcraft trials just before and during World War II? The said SS cell was called the H-Sonderkom
Impact of Mahabharata on Indian Culture Era of Mahabharata War Ethnographers, biologists, archaeologists and physicists believe that the present human i.e. Homo sapien sapien started on earth about 1 lakh 20 thousand years ago and its advanced generation Chromagnon Man The beginning of today was a
Jews full, first and second degree hybrids. This is how the dignitaries of the Third Reich ruthlessly classified human existence. The punishment for possessing Jewish blood was to be death. But did these precise calculations allow for exceptions? The meticulous definition of the concept of Jew w