Question 01 - URCA 2016/1 - Regarding Salazarism, established in Portugal between 1933 and 1974, it is CORRECT to say:a) It was inspired by the Soviet model and was configured as a socialist, nationalist and authoritarian regime. b) It preserved the Portuguese monarchy, but established an authoritarian government under the command of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. c) It was a parliamentary regime established by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar after the Carnation Revolution. d) It was an authoritarian regime that prevented free party organization and was guided by a nationalist doctrine. e) Established the Republic, maintained Catholicism as the official religion and adopted a policy of approximation with opposition sectors.
Question 02 - UECE 2015 - In 1909, in Portugal, the monarchic regime was in force. The proclamation of the Republic took place the following year in 1910, when rebels overthrew King Manuel II. In the course of more than a decade instability prevailed, when in 1926 the long military dictatorship was established. In 1932, he assumed the position of prime minister and ruled with strong fists and fascist inspiration a) Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares whose government became known as the nobility. b) Francisco Manuel L. de Sá Carneiro whose government became known as Cravismo. c) Pedro Manuel M. Passos Coelho whose government became known as Manuelism. d) Antônio de Oliveira Salazar whose government became known as Salazarismo.
Question 03 - In February 1926, the authors of a coup d'état headed by General Gomes da Costa reaffirmed the need to establish a strong regime, transformed into a dictatorship from 1933. In that year, the then president of the Council of Ministers approved a new constitution, suppressing individual liberties and eliminating all opposition. Thus was born the Estado Novo Corporative, which lasted for 48 years. Available at:http://www1.ci.uc.pt/cd25a/wikka.php?wakka=RV1. Accessed:Aug. 2015. Adapted.
Shortly after midnight on April 25, 1974, the hitherto banned song "Grândola, Vila Morena" began to play on the Catholic radio station in Lisbon. It was the agreed signal for the beginning of the military uprising in Portugal. Before this movement, it was rare in Portugal for a family that did not have someone fighting in the colonial wars in Africa. Military service lasted four years, and opinions against the regime and against the war were severely repressed by censorship and the police. Available at:http://www.dw.com/pt. Accessed:Aug. 2015. Adapted.
The texts refer to the historical process that took place in Portugal in the so-called period a) of the Liberal State, led by Abel Hipólito and ended by the Aljubarrota Revolt. b) the Regency, led by João Henrique Morley and ended by the Vilafrancada movement. c) the Welfare State, led by Francisco Franco and ended by the Porto Revolution. d) Between the Wars, led by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar and ended by the Carnation Revolution. e) of the First Republic, led by Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo and ended by the movement called Setembrada.
Question 04 - EBMSP 2018/1 - The term Salazarismo comes from Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, head of the Portuguese government from 1932 to 1968. It is worth mentioning that the term “Estado Novo” was created for an ideological justification, as a way of symbolizing the country in a new era, the from the National Revolution of May 28, 1926, ending the period of liberalism in Portugal, in force since the times of the constitutional monarchy and the First Republic. Francoism was a regime of fascist dictators that emerged in Spain after the end of the civil war. Francoism was commanded by General Francisco Franco, whose name was associated with this period, and spanned decades. In the first years, this regime established brutal repression against opponents and practiced an economic policy that had power over itself, which brought the country's development to a halt. The foundations of Francoism were defined by Catholicism and anti-communism Available at:http://salazarismoefranquismo.blogspot.com.br . Accessed:Aug. 2017. Adapted.
The analysis of the text and the knowledge about politics in Brazil, between 1937 and 1945, allow us to identify as common elements between Salazarism, Francoism and Getulism a) the public contestation of the Catholic Church, through the Vatican, at atrocities practiced by Getulismo in the Estado Novo phase in Brazil and by Francoism. b) the militarization of society, with schools as the main instrument, as they function as training centers for children and adolescents. c) populism, based on the unrestricted support of the ruling classes, which obeyed a single party controlled by the government and which dictated the lines of the national economy. d) censorship of the press and cultural institutions, through the violent action of public offices specially created for this purpose. e) the long permanence of their power structures that survived as totalitarian governments until the second post-war period.
Question 05 - CESUPA 2020 - On April 25, 1974, the Portuguese population, allied with the military, overthrew the Salazar dictatorship inspired by Italian fascism and installed since 1933. This revolution was immortalized in the verses of the song by Chico Buarque (1975).

TANTO MAR

It was a beautiful party, man
I was happy
I still hold on to it
An old harpsichord for me (...)
Sings Spring, man
Here I'm lacking
Send it again
Some rosemary scent

This liberation movement
This liberation movement a) took place in the spring Europe, a period chosen by the revolutionaries as the most suitable to overthrow the Salazar regime. Despite all the support of the Portuguese colonies in Africa to Antonio Salazar, the dictator could not sustain himself in power. b) used rosemary as a symbol, a typical plant from Portugal, as it was the way to identify those who were against the dictatorship. Here in Brazil, in the 1970s, the Brazilian people, supported by the United States, organized themselves to carry out a democratic counter-revolution. c) of strong socialist orientation, it only happened because it had the support of the Soviet Union, which sent missiles and war tanks. The Salazar regime had been undermined by colonial rebellions, especially in the Asian colonies, in addition to the break with Eastern European countries. d) used a red carnation and, as a password, a song prohibited by Portuguese censorship, to start the movement to overthrow the Salazar regime. When recording “Cá Meus Carte”, the Brazilian composer refers to the regime of the civil-military dictatorship in force in Brazil at the time.
GABARITO 01 - D02 - D03 - D04 - D05 - D