Exercises on Salazarism

(UFV) In Europe and in other parts of the world, Italian fascism served as an inspiration for authoritarian regimes. In Portugal, for example, the Salazar regime was established, which would be extinguished in the 1970s, with the Carnation Revolution.

Based on your knowledge, tick the correct alternative on the factors that explain the fall of Salazarism.

a) Support for military coups that took place in Latin America, especially in Brazil, causing strong pressure from the United States on the Salazar regime.

b) Entry into the European Economic Community, requiring Portugal to adopt democratic principles, such as holding direct elections to choose the rulers.

c) The crisis resulting from the involvement of the Salazar regime in the Spanish Civil War, whose expenses caused an increase in the cost of living in Portugal.

d) Salazar's growing rapprochement with the Portuguese Communist Party, generating dissatisfaction among business elites and conservative sectors of society.

e) The economic decline and wear and tear with colonial wars since the early 1960s, causing discontent in the Armed Forces and the population.

(PUC-MG) Regarding the Salazar regime established in Portugal in 1933, it is CORRECT to say that:

a) eliminated parliamentarism in the country, limiting the powers of the President of the Republic.

b) prohibited free party organization, imposing a fascism-inspired dictatorship on the country.

c) reaffirmed the authoritarian regime, opening the way for direct elections.

d) preserved the monarchical system in the country, granting almost absolute powers to the King.

The inspiration for the formation of Salazar's Estado Novo in Portugal, in the 1930s, came from the changes made by Benito Mussolini in Italy, a few years before. In this model of state organization, the objective was to seek social harmony between the different social classes through an articulation that had the State as a mediator, this articulation became known as:

1. socialism
2. cooperativism
3. corporatism
4. liberalism
5. communism

The repression of Salazar's Estado Novo was harsh against its opponents. The main means found by António Salazar to silence the opposition to the regime, both in the metropolis and in the African colonies, was the creation of a political police called:

1. KGB.
2. CIA.
3. Stasi.
4. PIDE.
5. DOPS.

Letter E . The economic and social crisis experienced in Portugal since the late 1960s and the disastrous results of the colonial wars that took place in Africa (Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Angola) in that same decade made the maintenance of the Salazar dictatorial regime unsustainable. Divisions within the Armed Forces and popular yearnings for socioeconomic improvements and political freedoms brought the regime to an end in 1974.

Letter B . With the creation of the Estado Novo, António de Oliveira Salazar created a one-party fascist regime, represented by the National Union. Political control led him to create the PIDE, the political police responsible for persecuting the regime's opponents.

Letter C . The doctrine of corporatism intended to make the State a mediator of conflicts between capitalists and workers, aiming at social harmony, in order to contain the class struggle resulting from capitalism. This measure was possible with the elimination of political parties, maintaining only the National Union, and with the linkage of unions to the State.

Letter D . The PIDE (International Police and State Defense) was the main repressive organ of the Salazar regime. It was created in 1945 as an extension of the State Surveillance and Defense Police (PVDE). After almost 30 years of exercise, it was formally extinguished with the Carnation Revolution, in 1974.