Exercises on anti-fascism

In the context of the emergence of Italian fascism, who were the squadristi :

a) groups that financed the movement fascio di combattimento.

b) parliamentary front that was formed in Italy in defense of fascism.

c) first anti-fascist groups to fight against Mussolini's movement.

d) militias that attacked opponents of the fascists, such as the socialists.

e) none of the above.

When analyzing the history of anti-fascism in Europe, the American historian Mark Bray states that, at the end of the 19th century, it is possible to see the emergence of a proto-anti-fascist movement. This precursor movement of anti-fascism was linked to what context:

a) French defeat after the Franco-Prussian War.

b) completion of the Italian unification process.

c) imperialist disputes between France and Germany.

d) trial of French captain Alfred Dreyfus.

e) mobilization in Germany against the genocide of the Herero in Namibia.

The history of English anti-fascism is directly linked with the formation of popular groups that united democrats, socialists, communists, Jews, among others, who formed a resistance to stop the advance of British Union of Fascists (BUF). Anti-fascist resistance in England has a milestone in the 1930s, when anti-fascists:

a) burned down the BUF headquarters in 1937.

b) carried out an attempt on the life of Oswald Mosley in 1933.

c) prevented a fascist march through the East End Jewish Quarter in 1936.

d) defeated the BUF in the 1935 parliamentary election.

e) none of the above.

Modern anti-fascism has many similarities to historical anti-fascism, which emerged in the 1920s and 1930s to combat the spread of fascism in places like Germany, Italy, England, and Spain. Among the guidelines of modern anti-fascism, select the INCORRECT alternative:

a) anti-racism

b) feminism

c) defense of social self-management

d) defense of capitalism

e) fight against homophobia

LETTER D

The squadristi are also known as camicie nere or black shirts, in Portuguese. The black shirts were the paramilitary groups of fascists who operated throughout most of Italy persecuting and attacking the opponents of fascism. Blackshirts attacked striking workers and threatened socialist leaders. They were one of the main responsible for the weakening of socialism in Italy.

LETER D

This proto-anti-fascist movement, which existed in Europe at the end of the 19th century, emerged in France in the context of the trial of French captain Alfred Dreyfus. This captain was Jewish and was accused of selling French military secrets to Germany. This case awakened latent anti-Semitism in France, and anti-Semitic radicalization led to the formation of groups that stood in defense of Dryfus and the Jews.

LETER C

The milestone in the history of British anti-fascism was the Battle of Cable Street, which took place on October 4, 1936. The fascists of the British Union of Fascists decided to make a provocative march through the neighborhood East End, inhabited by many Jews. The English anti-fascists banded together and stopped the fascists from making their march.

LETER D

Modern anti-fascist groups do not promote the defense of capitalism, but are, in fact, anti-capitalist. Anti-fascism is an action taken by socialist, communist and anarchist oriented groups who understand that fascism is the violent response of capitalism against popular movements. Therefore, the fight against fascism and its eradication necessarily involves the fight against capitalism itself.