Question 02 - UFSM 2014/EAD/UAB (1st Semester) -
In the western part of the African Sahel, the Kingdom of Mali developed between the 13th and 16th centuries, a period in who imposed his hegemony over the Niger River basin. On the banks of this river, the cities of Gao, Djenne and Timbuktu became important mercantile and political centers of the Kingdom. One of these centres, Timbuktu, has become one of the main centers of culture on the African continent thanks to its vast libraries and the important book trade. Due to these characteristics, the city has become a meeting point for poets, intellectuals and artists from and from the Middle East. Even after Mali's decline, Timbuktu remained one of the main cultural centers of Sub-Saharan Africa.Source:BRAICK, P. R.; MOTA, M. B. History:from caves to the third millennium. 2nd ed. São Paulo:Moderna, 2010, v.2, p. 28. (adapted) Among the factors that made possible the strength of this economic and cultural center, one can highlight) the increase in the trade of black slaves to Asia, Europe and America.
b) the exploitation of rich deposits of gold, silver and precious stones.
c) the impulse to cultural development stimulated by Christian missionaries.
d) the political hegemony resulting from the possession of firearms acquired from Europeans.
e) and the strengthening of cultural ties with the various centers of the Muslim world.
Question 03 - PUC-Rio 2019 -
The above document is a page from the Catalan Atlas, produced around 1375, authored by the Mallorcan cartographer (Spain) Abraão Cresques. The Atlas brings information about geographic aspects, goods and populations of the African continent. In detail, the cartographer highlighted the king of Mali, known as mansa Mussa (right), by portraying him holding a gold nugget, followed by the drawing of the important city of Timbuktu. With reference to the image above and the knowledge produced by historical studies, analyze the following statements regarding the history of the African kingdom of Mali and mark the INCORRECT statement:(A) Mali, one of the most important kingdoms in Africa between the 13th and 15th centuries, it was located in a region of intense circulation of knowledge and people.
(B) The origin of the kingdom of Mali is in the Mande-speaking peoples, and their political representative was called mansa.
(C) The kingdom of Mali included Timbuktu, an economically important city for being a meeting point for trans-Saharan commercial caravans, which brought various goods, such as salt, kola nut, gold, spices and fabrics.
>(D) Mansa Mussa was well known throughout the Arab world and even in Europe, probably for having traveled to several important cities, during his pilgrimage to Mecca, and for having expanded Islam with the introduction of Muslim scholars in schools of evil i.
(E) Due to its geographical location very close to the Sahara desert, Mali was in a situation of isolation, without being influenced by foreign cultures.
Question 04 - IDECAN - 2016 - SEARH - RN - Between the 8th and 17th centuries, Africa south of the Sahara desert was inhabited by several black African peoples, each with their own way of being. Some of these peoples built prosperous and organized empires and kingdoms, such as the Mali Empire and the Kingdom of Congo. There are few documents written about Mali; archaeological remains (vases, pots, pans, food and fire remains) are also reduced. Within the context of African history and some empires such as Mali, the griots were given notable importance, as they:
A) represented the majority group in society, as, as warriors, they took care of security and security strategies. war.
B) They were the religious leaders, who based on ancestral knowledge, still keep the religion of their ancestors intact.
C) They were the individuals who were committed to preserving and transmitting stories, historical facts, the knowledge and songs of its people.
D) They held power among the most varied tribes because they were the only landowners, responsible for distributing work and production.
Question 05 - FGV-SP 2012 - Economy - 1st phase - Read the text. After the first particularly violent contacts with black Africa, the Portuguese were forced to change their policy, in the face of strong resistance from coastal populations. Thus, they strove mainly to gain the trust of local sovereigns. The kings of Portugal sent numerous diplomatic missions to their West African counterparts. Thus, between 1481 and 1495, D. João II of Portugal sent embassies to the king of Futa, the koi of Timbuktu and the tame Mali. Two diplomatic missions were sent to Mali, showing the importance that the Portuguese sovereign attached to that country. The first departed via Gambia, the second departed from Elmina fort. The meek one who received it, Mahmūd, was the son of the meek Ule (Wule) and grandson of the meek Mūsā. (...).
[Madina Ly-Tall, The Decline of the Mali Empire. In Djibril Tamsir (editor), General History of Africa, IV:Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries] In the context presented, the Portuguese Empire changed its political strategy, as it a) found a people who were unaware of the use of currency in commercial practice.
b) discovered tribes that did not go through the stages of historical development, such as feudalism.
c) recognized the presence of a state marked by solid political structures.
d) identified the African tendency to refute all external influences to the continent.
e) perceived in Africa, in general, the production focused only on ritualistic exchanges
Question 06 - FGV-SP 2016 - Economy - 1st phase - “In many Sudanese kingdoms, especially among the kings and elites, Islam was well received and gained several adherents, having arrived in the African savannah region, probably, before the 11th century, brought by the Arab-Berber family of the Kunta.(...) Islam had some attractive and acceptable precepts for African religious conceptions, (...) it associated sacred stories with genealogies, believed in divine revelation, in the existence of a creator and our destination. (...) The Arab writer Ibn Batuta reported, in the 14th century, that the King of Mali, one morning, celebrated the Islamic date of the end of Ramadan and, in the afternoon, witnessed a ritual of the traditional religion performed by troubadours with masks of birds.”
(Regiane Augusto de Mattos, História e cultura afro-brasileira. 2011)
Considering the passage and knowledge about the history of Africa, it is correct to say that
a) the penetration of Islam in the regions Sub-Saharan Africa proved to be superficial because it affected few social sectors, especially those focused on commercial business, in addition to suffering strong competition from Christianity.
b) the presence of Islam on the African continent laughed at the impossibility of the Arabs to occupy regions in the Iberian Peninsula, the that led them to the invasion of sub-Saharan territories, where there was a violent religious imposition.
c) the contempt of African societies for the Arab tradition generated commercial transactions marked by mutual distrust, mutual contempt given, later, as an abandonment of the primitive religions of Africa and with the hegemony of Islamism.
d) the trans-Saharan trade was one of the gateways of Islam in Africa, and this religion, in some regions of the continent, or was incorporated into the traditional religions or facilitated a relatively harmonious coexistence.
e) the more moderate Islamic currents, in the case of the Sunnis, influenced the main leaders of West Africa, enabling the formation of new religious denominations, non-Islamic, disconnected from local tribal traditions.
b>Question 07 - ACAFE 2022 - “The ancient Mali was created by several related peoples who lived in the region situated between the Senegal River and the Niger River. The most important of them were known as mandingas (or malinquês, or manden). [...] Sundjata Keita (1230-1255) extended Mali's influence to smaller political units in the neighbourhood, laying the foundations for a unified state that would remain hegemonic until the mid-15th century.” (MACEDO, José Rivair. História da África. São Paulo:Contexto, 2015. p.55) Considering the context addressed, in the excerpt, and the knowledge related to the theme, mark the CORRECT alternative. A) Much of what is known about the history of Mali has come to our days thanks to European sages and travelers, who circulated through the region, recording their observations in writing, in addition to having recovered ancient writings in the city of Timbuktu, dating from the 10th century. B) Sundjata Keita converted to Christianity to expand his participation in the gold trade with Europeans and, ignoring the customs and traditions of his people, forced everyone to adhere to the monotheistic Christian religion. C) Mali's territorial conquests were favored by the process of Islamization that this kingdom underwent from the 13th century onwards, in addition to its significant participation in trans-Saharan trade routes. D) Despite being an important kingdom, the fact that Mali is geographically located close to the Sahara desert made it impossible for it to have a relationship with other peoples and limited its participation in West African trade.
Question 08 - Banking Crescer Consultorias 2017 - The Mali Empire was one of the largest African empires in all history, but its greatness was also marked by inconstancy related to the domain of the region. In its heyday, the dominant religion was:A) The Berber who dominated much of North Africa whose god was Amun. B) Ashanti mythology with the god Nyame and his minor deities. C) Yoruba mythology, which would give rise to Candomblé and Umbanda in the future. D) Islam, due to the conversion of King Mali.
JUDGMENT
01 - C
02 - E
03 - E
04 - C
05 - C
06 - D07 - C08 - D