Marshall Plan Exercises

(FATEC) "It stands to reason that the US should do whatever it can to help bring about a return to normal economic power in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no guarantee of Peace." (Marshall Plan - 5.VI.1947).

The Marshall Plan constituted:

a) on the main goal of US foreign policy, which was to pacify the Far East.

b) in an industrial aid project to Latin American countries.

c) an important instrument for the expansion of communism in Europe.

d) in the definition of the isolationist foreign policy of the USA, parallel to the assembly of the military industrial complex.

e) one of the means of penetration of North American capital into European economies.

“In the containment of the Marshall Plan, American strategists had no preference for partnerships with conservative governments. In fact, the most astute saw the social democrats as the best partners. They were ideologically receptive to the concepts of planning and cooperation. More importantly, they represented the democratic left and shared influence over the unions with the communists. In the 1950s, in addition to Attlee and Bevin, social democratic leaders such as the Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak, the French Guy Mollet, the Dutch Willem Drees and the Norwegian Einar Gerhardsen cemented the transatlantic bridge between Europe and the United States. (BARBOSA, Elaine Senise; MAGNOLI, Demétrio. “The leviathan challenged.” In:Freedom versus equality (vol. 2) . Rio de Janeiro:Record, 2013. p. p.100-101.).

The contention referred to by the authors of the excerpt above concerns:

a) to the Monroe Doctrine

b) to the Truman Doctrine

c) to the Warsaw Pact

d) to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact

e) to the Bush Doctrine

(FGV) In June 1947, the US government began to implement a European reconstruction project called the Marshall Plan. Which of the following is NOT a cause of this plan:

a) the fear brought about by the creation of the European Common Market (ECM);

b) the shift of control of capitalism from Europe to the US and its growing influence over European countries;

c) Europe's need to gather resources to pay its main creditor, the USA, which provided it with everything from food to war materials during World War II;

d) the need to rebuild cities and recover the industry and agriculture devastated during World War II;

e) the interest that the United States had in strengthening the capitalist order in Western Europe and thus preventing the expansion of socialism on the continent.

The response of the Soviet Union to the launch of the Marshall Plan, by the American initiative, in 1947, was the launch of the programs:

a) Comecon and FSB

b) Cominform and KGB

c) Cominform and Comecon

d) Comecon and CEI

e) CIS and Warsaw Pact

Letter E

The United States invested around 12.6 billion dollars, in the space of six years (1948 to 1952), in European countries affected by World War II.

Letter B

The containment of the advance of communism in Europe, after the Second World War, was one of the main points of the Truman Doctrine, attributed to the American president Harry Truman. Truman and ministers believed that the USSR could foster the penetration of communism into European countries through local communist parties. The alliance with social democracy, that is, with the European democratic left, was necessary to prevent this from happening.

Letter A

The idealization of the European Common Market was a direct product of the Marshall Plan, as the reconstruction of Western Europe – fostered by the US – depended on a political and economic unity of the affected countries.

Letter C

Cominform ("Communist and Workers' Parties Information Office") and Comecon ("Council for Mutual Economic Assistance") were the Soviet response to the Marshall Plan. What the Marshall Plan sought to do in Western Europe:rebuild the countries affected by the Second World War, these plans tried to do – in the political and economic spheres – in the countries of Eastern Europe.