Exercises on Mesopotamia

(Crescer Consultorias – adapted) Historical Mesopotamia is commonly confused as an ordered and centralized civilization and culture, but in reality it is the cradle of diverse cultures and peoples throughout history . Of the peoples who inhabited the region, which one promoted the emergence of cuneiform writing?

a) Sumerians.

b) Assyrians.

c) Chaldeans.

d) Amoritas.

e) Akkadians.

(Gualimp – adapted) The first Mesopotamian cities are called city-states by historians. This denomination derives from the following characteristics:

(a) Because they were politically unified with a central state, which coordinated each of the cities.

b) For maintaining an independent unit, governed by a central state, but answering to an imperial authority.

c) Because they have economic and religious autonomy, but remain subordinate to a confederation, to which they should pay tribute.

d) Because they are independent, they have their own government, protective deities and their own military defense capabilities.

e) None of the above.

(Enem) Sixth Sumerian king (ruler between the 18th and 17th centuries BC) and born in Babel, “Khammu-rabi” (Babylonian pronunciation) was the founder of the First Empire Babylonian (corresponding to present-day Iraq), largely unifying the Mesopotamian world, uniting the Semites and Sumerians, and bringing Babylon to its utmost splendor. The name of Hammurabi remains inextricably linked to the legal code considered the most remote ever discovered:the Code of Hammurabi. The Babylonian legislator consolidated legal tradition, harmonized customs, and extended law and law to all subjects.

In this context of the organization of social life, the laws contained in the aforementioned Code had the meaning of:

a) ensure individual guarantees to free citizens.

b) typify rules regarding punishable acts.

c) grant pardon benefits to prisoners of war.

d) promote land distribution to the urban unemployed.

e) confer political prerogatives on descendants of foreigners.

(UFRN)

The societies that, in antiquity, inhabited the valleys of the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates rivers had in common the fact that:

a) they developed an intense maritime trade, which favored the formation of great hydraulic civilizations.

b) they were eastern peoples who formed several city-states, which organized and controlled the production of cereals.

c) have enabled the formation of the State from the production of surpluses, the need for hydraulic control and social differentiation.

d) have, based on the provision of services by the peasants, immense armies that made possible the formation of great millenary empires.

(Fundatec – adapted) Analyze the following statements about Mesopotamia.

I. There is a strong belief by scholars that only in this region did urban life begin.

II. There is no record or research that points to the emergence of urban life in other regions of the world before Mesopotamia.

III. There is currently research that points to the possibility of the existence of urban life in regions other than Mesopotamia.

Which ones are correct?

a) Just I.

b) II only.

c) Only III.

d) Only I and II.

e) Only II and III.

Which of the peoples below were not part of Mesopotamia?

a) Sumerians.

b) Amoritas.

c) Chaldeans.

d) Assyrians.

e) Hyksos.

Which Mesopotamian city is known for having a great library that was built in the 7th century BC at the behest of King Ashurbanipal?

a) Ur.

b) Uruk.

c) Nineveh.

d) Babylon.

e) Assur.

Which ancient work tells the story of a Sumerian king on his quest for humility?

a) Epic of Gilgamesh.

b) Bible.

c) Talmud.

d) Codex Ixtlilxochitl.

e) None of the alternatives.

Mesopotamian God recognized as responsible for having taught man to be civilized:

a) Eridu.

b) Enki.

c) Inanna.

d) Ishtar.

e) Marduk.

According to the Greeks, a Mesopotamian building was considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Which building are we talking about?

a) Tower of Babel.

b) Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

c) Colossus of Rhodes.

d) Lighthouse of Alexandria.

e) Stele of the Code of Hammurabi.

Which were the two great rivers responsible for ensuring the livelihood of the Mesopotamian peoples?

a) Ganges and Jordan.

b) Nile and Danube.

c) Going and Yellow.

d) Jordan and Nile.

e) Tigris and Euphrates.

Which Mesopotamian king was responsible for forming a kingdom with a unified power after conquering the main cities of Sumer?

a) Hammurabi

b) Ashurbanipal

c) Sargon the Great

d) Enlil-Bani

e) Irra-Imiti

LETER A

Cuneiform writing was mankind's first form of writing, having been developed by the Sumerians around 3200 BC. It was performed on clay blocks using wedge-shaped objects, and the records of this writing allowed us to expand our knowledge of this region.

LETER D

The first Mesopotamian cities, formed by the Sumerians, are classified by historians as city-states for having autonomy. Thus, each city had its own administration, with different kings and protective gods, and it was the function of the city to guarantee its own protection. From the Akkadians, the first centralized government emerged.

LETER B

The Code of Hammurabi was formulated in the 18th century BC at the behest of the Babylonian King Hammurabi. It was a kind of penal code that typified the actions that would be considered punishable. It was based on the principle of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” and was considered a great civilizational advance for Mesopotamia.

LETTER C.

Marking the formation process that unfolds in the formation of the first civilizations, the peoples who inhabited the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates region used the rich hydraulic support of these regions to create complex societies where we see the presence of a large population contingent, the formation of political institutions and social differentiations.

LETTER C

Traditionally, studies point out that the first cities emerged in the Mesopotamia region at the end of the Neolithic Period. However, recent studies point to the possibility that the first cities may have developed in a location other than Mesopotamia.

LETTER E

The Hyksos were not Mesopotamian peoples, as they are believed to have originated in the Levant region (where the Phoenicians developed, for example). The Hyksos are known to have dominated Egypt for a period in the second millennium BC.

LETER C

The Library of Nineveh, as its name suggests, was located in the city of Nineveh in Assyria. This library was built in the 7th century BC by order of Ashurbanipal, one of the most powerful kings of the Assyrians. It was one of the great libraries of antiquity, being destroyed at the end of the 7th century BC, when Nineveh was invaded by enemy peoples of the Assyrians.

LETER A

The Epic of Gilgamesh was a Mesopotamian epic poem that was written around 2000 BC. It narrated the deeds of Gilgamesh, a Sumerian king. This story was found in the 19th century, when cuneiform tablets were found in excavations in the ancient city of Nineveh.

LETER B

In Mesopotamian mythology, the god responsible for the progress of humanity and its advancement of civilizations was Enki. He was responsible for giving knowledge and wisdom to the great leaders of Mesopotamia.

LETER B

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were considered by the Greek poet Antipater of Sidon one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is believed to have been built by order of Nebuchadnezzar, in the 6th century BC, but there are no inscriptions or archaeological remains that support its existence. Other historians suggest that the Greek account actually referred to a garden built in Nineveh by the Assyrian king Sennacherib.

LETTER E

Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the two main responsible for guaranteeing life in the region. The two rivers gave this region its name, as Mesopotamia comes from a Greek expression meaning “land between rivers”.

LETER C

Sargon the Great, or Sargon of Akkad, kings of the Akkadians, was the first to unify Sumerian cities under one monarch. He established the Akkadian dynasty and is believed to have reigned in the 23rd century BC.