Exercises on Socialism

(Miracles Contest/2018) “The Great October Revolution was a revolution without example in the history of humanity. Its inspirer, its leader and its organizer was the party of the Bolsheviks, its central committee, led by Lenin.”

REED, John. The ten days that shook the world . São Paulo:Global Editora, 1978, p. 17.

About the Revolution mentioned above, we can correctly point out:

a) the Russian democratic tradition favored the Revolution, as it was the first imperialist power of the 19th century to end the absolutist monarchy.

b) on the eve of the Revolution, Russia was an economy already well developed within the framework of capitalism that disputed with the great European powers for markets, which favored the formation of the revolutionary bourgeoisie led by Lenin.

c) at the end of the 19th century, Russia began its industrialization process, although dependent on foreign capital, mainly English and French, and with terrible living conditions for urban workers and rural; conditions were created that favored the mobilization for the Revolution.

d) the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, in 1914, indebted the State and generated several popular revolts, badly massacred, among them, the best known episode was the "Bloody Sunday". ”, from 1915.

e) the entry of the Russian Empire into World War I delayed the Revolution, as it brought about socioeconomic improvements that were not maintained after the War, which led to the Bolshevik Revolution in February 1919.

Which European nation has not had a government within what is understood as real socialism:

a) Czechoslovakia

b) Poland

c) Romania

d) Bulgaria

e) West Germany

(Nucepe) In an essay he wrote in mid-1949 entitled “On the People's Democratic Dictatorship”, Mao Zedong succinctly explained the ideas that would permeate the governmental orientations of the new Chinese state. . The experience of the revolution so far could be analyzed into two basic categories, wrote Mao. The first was the mobilization of the nation's masses to build a “united internal front under the leadership of the working class”.

SPENCE, Jonathan D. In Search of Modern China :four centuries of history. São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 1995, p.489.

The “united front”, proposed by Mao to lead the revolutionary process in China, incorporated:

a) the nationalist high bourgeoisie, the workers and peasants.

b) the small rural landowners (kulaks), the big urban bourgeoisie and the workers.

c) the international bourgeoisie, workers and peasants.

d) the peasantry, the workers and the national bourgeoisie.

e) small landowners (kulaks), large landowners and workers.

(Nucepe) The 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall

Luiz Felipe de Alencastro

11/11/2019 10:50 am

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, following the political opening initiated in Moscow by Gorbachev, was the initial earthquake of the tectonic tremors that brought down the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union . Quite rightly, the event is celebrated in all democracies now, on its thirtieth anniversary. There are few diplomatic leaders or negotiators of the time still alive and willing to testify. […]

Source:https://noticias.uol.com.br/blogs-e-colunas/coluna/luiz-felipe-alencastro /2019/11/11/os-50- years-of-the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall.htm, accessed 11/20/19.

The fall of the Berlin Wall was the milestone:

a) the rise of capitalism in Eastern Europe and the end of socialism worldwide.

b) the crisis of the Soviet Socialist Republics and the strengthening of the Warsaw Pact.

c) the collapse of Soviet socialism and the end of the bipolar world dispute.

d) of German reunification and the formation of the European Economic Community.

e) the reconfiguration of European borders and the absolute dominance of capitalism.

Which of the names below was part of what became labeled utopian socialism:

a) Karl Marx

b) Saint-Simon

c) Friedrich Engels

d) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

e) Adam Smith

Socialism emerged in what historical context:

a) Industrial Revolution

b) American Revolution

c) American Civil War

d) Russian Revolution

e) World War I

Surplus value is a term used within socialism to refer to:

a) to strike

b) to profit

c) to manufactured work

d) child labor

e) none of the above

Regarding utopian socialism, select the correct alternative:

a) advocated revolution as a way of seizing power.

b) was strongly supported by Karl Marx.

c) was the theoretical basis of Marxism.

d) advocated fairer social transformation via reforms.

e) All alternatives are correct.

What is a key concept of scientific socialism to understand the tensions and inequalities existing in different economic models, including the capitalist one:

a) added value

b) alienation

c) historical materialism

d) dialectical materialism

e) class struggle

The group represented by workers in socialist theory is known as:

a) bourgeoisie

b) proletariat

c) nobility

d) middle class

e) none of the above

The first attempt to implement socialism became known as:

a) Russian Revolution

b) Paris Commune

c) Revolution of 1848

d) German Revolution of 1918

e) Chinese Revolution

The first socialist nation in history was:

a) China

b) Yugoslavia

c) Poland

d) Russia

e) Germany

LETTER C

Russia's industrialization process was considered late, so much so that at the beginning of the 20th century the country's industrial capacity was still quite limited. Russian workers worked in bad conditions, receiving low wages. The condition of poverty and exploitation of the Russian working class made him adhere to socialist ideals.

LETTER E

Among the nations mentioned, the only one that did not have a socialist government during the period of existence of the socialist bloc in Europe was West Germany. The Germany that had a socialist government was the East, the German Democratic Republic.

LETER D

In this concept defined by Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Zedong), there were fundamental groups for the consolidation of the socialist state. This State would be constituted in the alliance between the workers and the peasants, but would also count on the presence of the national bourgeoisie.

LETTER C

The fall of the Berlin Wall, in November 1989, is understood as a landmark in the fall of the socialist bloc in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, and, with that, it ended the bipolar order of the period known as the Cold War.

LETER B

The Count of Saint-Simon or Claude-Henri de Rouvroy was one of the great names of utopian socialism. He did not advocate revolution as a way of transforming society, just as he did not advocate the abolition of private property. He advocated the establishment of a society where there was sharing of the wealth produced.

LETER A

Socialism was established in the context of the Industrial Revolution, when industry emerged and capitalism was established. Through the Revolution, a series of transformations took place in society, bringing precariousness to the life of the proletariat. Socialism sought to end this scenario by implanting a society based on equality.

LETER A

In short, surplus value (or surplus value) can be understood as profit. This concept refers to all the wealth produced by the worker and that would return to him through his salary, but remains with the owners of the means of production as profit. Marx understood that all this profit was generated by surplus labor, that is, that which went beyond what was necessary to pay the worker's salary.

LETER D

Utopian socialism advocated that society be transformed through reforms that would establish an order based on equality and the sharing of wealth. Many utopian socialists did not advocate revolution as a path to this transformation.

LETTER E

For Marx and Engels, the two great names of scientific socialism, class struggle is a key concept for understanding the history of humanity and its different economic models. This concept explains the idea of ​​a small privileged class that intensely exploits a large mass of workers.

LETER B

The proletariat is understood as the vast mass of exploited people. The socialist explanation points out that the proletariat has no other source of survival than the sale of its own labor power to obtain a salary that allows it to maintain itself. However, the exploitation of this class is intense and carried out by the bourgeoisie.

LETER B

The Paris Commune, in 1871, is understood as the first attempt to establish a government of socialist orientation. That year, workers in Paris revolted against the government and took control of society, establishing a government controlled by the workers themselves. This attempt lasted only 72 days.

LETER D

The first socialist nation in history was Russia, which became so through the October Revolution of 1917. For much of the 20th century, the Russian nation was part of the Soviet Union .