Contemporary Age Exercises

Over the course of the 20th century, the Middle East became a region of great tension. The conflict that did NOT happen in this region during the 20th century was the:

a) Iran-Iraq War.

b) Syrian Civil War.

c) Six Day War.

d) Gulf War.

e) First Arab-Israeli War.

The Bay of Pigs invasion is an event related to:

a) Chinese Revolution.

b) Russian Revolution.

c) Iranian Revolution.

d) Mexican Revolution.

e) Cuban Revolution.

One ​​of the best known analyzes of the 20th century was the one developed by the British historian Eric Hobsbawm in which he calls the 20th century the “short 20th century”. What explains this analysis by Hobsbawm?

a) For him, the 20th century began in 1914, with the First World War, and ended in 1991, with the dismemberment of the USSR.

b) Technological development has made time shorter for contemporary man.

c) The sheer amount of conflict has simplified the analysis of this century.

d) Because of the speed at which new historiographical interpretations emerge.

e) All of the above.

Which two European nations went through their unification processes during the 19th century?

a) Portugal and Spain

b) England and France

c) Germany and Italy

d) Netherlands and Belgium

e) Russia and Ukraine

The person responsible for leading forces that seized power in China in 1949, turning that country into a communist nation:

a) Sun Yat-sen.

b) Chiang Kai-shek.

c) Mao Zedong.

d) Li Dazhao.

e) Zhang Guotao.

Anti-Semitism grew considerably in Germany after the Nazi rise to power in 1933. One of the overt demonstrations of this was the 1938 pogrom known as:

a) Night of the Long Daggers.

b) Crystal Night.

c) Final Solution.

d) Aktion T4.

e) Nuremberg Purge.

The 19th century was marked in Japanese history as the moment when the country stopped being an isolated and agrarian nation and became an industrial and imperialist power. The event that started this process of transforming Japan was:

a) Tokugawa Shogunate.

b) Meiji Restoration.

c) First Sino-Japanese War.

d) Russo-Japanese War.

e) None of the above events.

The Cold War was one of the great events of the 20th century and placed the United States and the Soviet Union in opposing blocks. One of the effects of this political-ideological conflict was the development of an anti-communist hysteria in the United States, which received the name of:

a) Truman Doctrine.

b) Marshall Plan.

c) Monroe Doctrine.

d) McCarthyism.

e) Manifest Destiny.

(TS-SC) After 1945, the opposition between socialism and capitalism was taken to the extreme by the political, ideological and military bipolarization that subjected international relations to North American interests and soviet. Without constituting a homogeneous period, due to the aggravation of tensions followed by the distension between the rival poles, it lasted almost half a century, until the breakup of the Soviet Union, in 1991.

The above text refers to the period known as:

a) Globalization.

b) World War I.

c) World War II.

d) Cold War.

e) New World Order.

(CPCON) The socialist bloc entered a crisis in Eastern Europe in the last decades of the 20th century and, among several factors, provoked:

a) exacerbated nationalisms and ethnic and religious conflicts.

b) strengthening the Cold War.

c) construction of the Berlin Wall.

d) creation of the Warsaw Pact.

e) end of the capitalist system in Cuba.

“The year 1968 began with Pope Paul VI's declaration that it would be a period of peace, but it went down in history through a series of revolts and uprisings on a massive scale. global. In the context of the so-called Cold War (1945-1991), youth rebelled all over the world and staged a cultural and customs revolution. Brazil, on the other hand, was experiencing a context of hardening of the military dictatorship, installed in 1964 and which would only collapse in 1985.”

Source:Brasil de Fato

Check the event that did not occur in the year 1968.

a) Military coup that deposed Salvador Allende in Chile

b) Publication of Institutional Act n.º5 (AI-5) in Brazil

c) Massacre of students in Tlatelolco, Mexico

d) Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in the USA

e) Prague Spring, Czechoslovakia

(Funcab) “In 1929, in the United States, a crisis of overproduction, caused by underconsumption, caused a general fall in prices, and stock speculation on the Stock Exchange of New York led to the fall of this financial body, in the month of October. There was a chain reaction. Industries went into crisis, causing unprecedented unemployment. By 1933, more than 14 million Americans were unemployed. This crisis affected the economy of several countries, including Brazil.” (ORDONEZ, Marlene &MACHADO, Lizete M. History:collection I like best. São Paulo:IBEP, 2012, p. 113.)

Among the following alternatives, the main direct consequence in Brazil with the 1929 crisis was:

a) the United States has reduced the purchase of Brazilian coffee, causing inventories to increase and the price to fall sharply.

b) the unsustainability of the Brazilian monarchy, which was financially supported by the US government, resulting in the Proclamation of the Republic.

c) Brazil promoted an economic embargo against the United States, generating the development of the national automobile industry.

d) the Brazilian government created a law to encourage immigration, generating the first entries of Europeans to work in agriculture.

e) a popular conflict broke out in the interior of Bahia, under the leadership of Antônio Conselheiro, which became known as the Canudos War.

LETTER B

Of the conflicts mentioned, the only one that did not take place in the 20th century was the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, after protests in the country against the dictatorship of Bashar al-Assad. The government's violent response to the protests led to the start of armed uprisings and a long civil war.

LETTER E

The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful attempt to invade the island of Cuba in 1961, an initiative of a group of counterrevolutionaries who wanted to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro, one of the leaders nationalists during the Cuban Revolution. The attempt was supported by US intelligence, but failed.

LETER A

According to Hobsbawm, the short 20th century takes its name because, in his analysis of that century, two events are extremely important:the First World War, which began in 1914, and the end of the Cold War, with the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. For him, these events are, respectively, the opening and closing of the 20th century.

LETTER C

The two countries that underwent processes of political and territorial unification in the 19th century were Italy and Germany. The Italian process was led by the Kingdom of Piedmont and Sardinia, while the German process was led by Prussia.

LETTER C

Mao Zedong, born in 1893, was the great leader of the Chinese Revolution and was the one who proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949. He became one of the leaders of the Communist Party Chinese in the 1930s and remained an influential figure in the CCP until his death in 1976.

LETER B

The Crystal Night took place between the 9th and 10th of November and was a major pogrom against Jews in Nazi Germany. This event consolidated the anti-Semitic turn in the country and started the imprisonment of Jews in concentration camps. During Crystal Night, thousands of Jewish properties were attacked across the country.

LETER B

The Meiji Restoration took place in 1868 and in it the shogunate was overthrown and the power of the Japanese monarchy was restored. This event contributed to the development of Japan, because the new government encouraged a great economic modernization of the country. The consequences were the development of strong nationalism and the transformation of Japan into an imperialist power.

LETER D

The anti-communist hysteria in the United States was fueled by a senator named Joseph Raymond McCarthy. Through it, a climate of political persecution and repression against people denounced of “anti-Americanism” was established and that was established in that country during the 1950s. Those who engaged in popular movements in the USA were persecuted and labeled as communists. This became known as McCarthyism.

LETER D

The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991 and placed the United States and the Soviet Union at the forefront of distinct blocs. This period was marked by great tension due to the existing political-ideological rivalry between the two countries. The crisis of the Soviet economy and the break-up of the country in 1991 put an end to the Cold War.

LETER A

The breakup of the communist bloc in Eastern Europe between the 1980s and 1990s contributed to the strengthening of exacerbated nationalisms, which resulted in ethnic and religious conflicts. The great symbol of this process was Yugoslavia, a country that went through intense dismemberment and large-scale ethnic conflicts throughout the 1990s.

LETER A

Of all the events mentioned, the only one that did not take place in 1968 was the military coup in Chile. This mentioned event took place on September 11, 1973 and resulted in the death of Salvador Allende and the beginning of a dictatorship that lasted 17 years under the government of Augusto Pinochet.

LETER A

The immediate result of the 1929 Crisis in Brazil was the fall in the price of coffee, caused by the reduction in the purchase of this export item from the country. This severely harmed Brazilian coffee growers and made Vargas take emergency measures, such as buying and burning sacks of coffee as a way of controlling the price of this product.