Exercises on Ancient Age

What was the disease that affected the Roman Empire in the late 2nd century AD. and that caused the death of about five million people:

a) Plague of Athens

b) Antonine Plague

c) Justinian Plague

d) Black Death

e) Roman Plague

Great empire that was established in the region of Anatolia and that came to rival Ancient Egypt between the 14th centuries BC. and XIII BC:

a) Assyrians

b) Elamites

c) Phoenicians

d) Hittites

e) Chaldeans

Taurocatapsy was a ritual that was part of the culture of:

a) Cretans

b) Mycenaean

c) roman

d) Etruscans

e) Celts

The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story originating from:

a) Greece

b) Egypt

c) Canaan

d) Mesopotamia

What are the names of the two Graco brothers, known for seeking to carry out reforms for the benefit of the poor in the Roman Republic:

a) Tiberius and Gaius

b) Julius Caesar and Brutus

c) Marcus Aurelius and Augustus

d) Otávio and Marco Antônio

e) Lepidus and Romulus

Conflict between Romans and Carthaginians for the economic hegemony of the Mediterranean Sea:

a) Trojan War

b) Medical Wars

c) Punic Wars

d) Peloponnesian War

e) Jewish-Roman War

Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead:

a) was a practice performed out of respect for Ra, the Sun god.

b) because the pharaohs ordered it so.

c) because the person, upon passing away, became a god, who should be treated with respect.

d) in order to preserve the person's body for the afterlife.

e) none of the above.

Which of the following regions did not have the presence of the Celts:

a) Scandinavia

b) British Isles

c) Asia Minor

d) Central Europe

e) Iberian Peninsula

(Consesp - adapted) The Medical Wars, also known as the Greco-Persian Wars, were

a) military conflicts between the city-states of Athens and Sparta.

b) two wars that took place in antiquity, between the Greek and Persian city-states of the Achaemenid Empire (first Persian Empire).

c) isolated episodes of conflicts that occurred between 431 and 404 BC. This war was reported in detail by two ancient Greek historians, Xenophon and Thucydides.

d) bloody conflicts that dragged on for over 200 years and only ended in April 404 BC, after the surrender of Athens and the Spartan conquest of the Hellespont.

e) none of the alternatives.

(Gualimp) Considering the characteristics of the Egyptian religion and religiosity, read the statements and answer:

I. The ancient Egyptians were polytheistic, their gods had human, human and animal forms, or only animal forms.

II. The ancient Egyptians worshiped the sun as a god, called Ra.

III. The Egyptians were never monotheists, and they totally refused any unifying idea in religion.

IV. Mummification was a technique for preserving the body, which, according to their beliefs, should be preserved for when the soul returned, and was exclusive to the Pharaoh.

V. The so-called Book of the Dead it was a collection of guidance texts on the obligations that the dead person should fulfill on their journey to the afterlife.

They are CORRECT:

a) Items I and II only.

b) Items III and IV only.

c) Items I, II and V only.

d) Items III, IV and V only.

e) All items.

(Fundatec) Dorigo (2011) emphasizes that, at the time of Greek history in which the consolidation of the polis occurs, the period called:

a) Pre-Homeric

b) Homeric

c) Archaic

d) Classic

e) Hellenistic

(AMEOSC - adapted) What geographic factor made possible the development of Egyptian civilization in Antiquity?

a) The presence of cities that had advanced knowledge in weapons production techniques.

b) The existence of forests that produced fruits for the population's consumption.

c) The existence of the Nile River, which, in addition to fertilizing the land and enabling the practice of agriculture, served for fishing.

d) The rainy climate of the region, which favored the practice of agriculture.

e) None of the alternatives.

LETTER B

The Antonine Plague was a pandemic that spread through the territories of the Roman Empire in the late 2nd century AD. It is said that the disease acted between the years 165 to 180 in Roman lands, but there are reports that it continued until the end of the century. The Antonine Plague was an outbreak of smallpox and responsible for the death of about five million people.

LETER D

The Hittites were a people of Indo-European origin who settled in Anatolia (present-day Turkey) around the second millennium BC, and there they formed a powerful empire that rivaled great examples of the time, like the Assyrians and the Egyptians. With the Egyptians, they ended up starring in one of the great battles of antiquity, the Battle of Kadesh.

LETER A

Taurocatapsy is basically the act of jumping on a bull that launches itself towards a person. This practice was recorded by the Cretans in sculptures and frescoes and was part of a ritual to worship the bull, one of the main gods of this people who inhabited the island of Crete.

LETER D

The Epic of Gilgamesh was one of the most popular stories from Mesopotamia. It was found by archaeologists and was recorded on 12 clay tablets that contained 300 verses each. This story is of Sumerian origin, and similar versions have been found in other peoples, such as the Hittites and Hurrians.

LETER A

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were two brothers who reached political positions in the Roman Republic and sought to approve measures for the benefit of the plebeians, including agrarian reform. They were active in the 2nd century BC, but their initiatives were openly rejected by patricians, and both were persecuted and killed for their work.

LETER C

The Punic Wars were three conflicts between the Romans and Carthaginians, between the 3rd centuries BC. and II B.C. They were motivated by the rivalry of the two empires, and the hegemony of the Mediterranean Sea was at stake. This conflict resulted in the Roman victory and the ultimate destruction of Carthage.

LETER D

Mummification of the dead in Egypt was a practice carried out in reproduction of what had happened to an important god of theirs:Osiris. It was intended to ensure the preservation of the body so that it could once again receive the person's soul and thus be reborn in the other world. The preservation of the body, therefore, would maintain the afterlife.

LETER A

Of the mentioned regions, the only one that did not receive the Celtic peoples was Scandinavia. The Celts arose in Central Europe and spread to several regions, reaching the Iberian Peninsula, Asia Minor and the British Isles.

LETER B

The Medical Wars were two conflicts that took place in the 5th century BC. between Greeks and Persians. The war was motivated by the support given by Athens to the Ionian cities (in Asia Minor) that had rebelled against the Persians, who then decided to launch a punitive expedition against the Greeks. The Persians were defeated in both wars.

LETER C

The Egyptians were polytheists, therefore, they believed in the existence of several gods, and at one time they were monotheists. The main god of the Egyptian pantheon was the Sun god, called Ra, and yes, the Book of the Dead gave a series of guidelines to be followed in the afterlife.

LETER C

The polis emerged in the Archaic period and was an evolution of the genos, a model of rural community that emerged in Greece in the Homeric period, after the Mycenaean civilization went into decline at the end of the second millennium B.C. The two main Greek polis were Athens and Sparta, cities of great power during the Classic period.

LETER C

The presence of the Nile River was the factor that ensured human survival in Egypt. The river and its floods ensured the fertility of the soil, which allowed the development of a rich agriculture. In addition, the river provided water for human survival and supplemented the diet of the Egyptians with fishing.