History of South America

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Contemporary age

TheContemporary Age determines a period of history that goes from 1789 to the present day. Remember that the term “contemporary” is associated with the current time, the present.

Thus, the contemporary age begins in the 18th century, where the French Revolution was the milestone that defined the beginning of this “era”, the contemporary era.

Since then, the world has undergone profound social, cultural, political and economic transformations.

Many historians discuss the end of this era, however, we are still part of the Contemporary Age or, as many prefer, Post-Modernity.

In such a way, several events after the French Revolution, which was based on the motto “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity ”, were essential to change the worldview.

Therefore, they directly influenced the development of history in different parts of the planet:the independence of the colonies of Spanish and Portuguese America.

Divisions of History

To better understand the historical epochs through which humanity has passed since its inception, below is an explanatory table.

See also:History Division

Important Events in the Contemporary Age:Summary

Below is a chronology of the most important events that occurred during the Contemporary Age in Brazil and in the World.

In the World

  • French Revolution (1789) and the Enlightenment (from the 18th century in Europe)
  • Napoleonic era and French rule in Europe
  • Liberal rebellions, nationalism and unification of European countries (Italy and Germany)
  • Imperialist Neocolonialism in Africa, Asia and Oceania
  • Expansion and Development of the United States and Civil War (1861 and 1865)
  • Industrial Revolution (18th and 19th centuries)
  • Independence of the colonies of Spanish America and Haiti (19th century)
  • Avant-garde movements in art:Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Expressionism.
  • Crisis of 1929:New York Stock Exchange crash
  • World War I (1914-1918)
  • Russian Revolution (1917)
  • Crisis of capitalism and emergence of totalitarian regimes such as Nazism, Fascism, Stalinism, Francoism, Salazarism
  • World War II (1939-1945)
  • Creation of the United Nations - UN (1945)
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) by the UN
  • Cold War (1945-1991) between the United States and the USSR
  • Korean War (1950-1953)
  • Space Race and Arms Race
  • Vietnam War (1964-1975)
  • Development and Consolidation of Capitalism
  • The fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) and German reunification
  • Expanding Globalization, Imperialism, Terrorism and Neoliberalism
  • Industrial and technological development
  • Urbanization and population growth
  • Environmental crisis (increased global warming, greenhouse effect, etc.)
  • Increase in socioeconomic inequalities and prejudice (racism, xenophobia, etc.)
  • Cultural Industry and Mass Culture

In Brazil

In Brazil, the Contemporary Age is marked by emancipatory movements, independence, the fall of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic.

  • Inconfidência or Conjuração Mineira (1789) in Minas Gerais
  • Bahian Conjuration (1798) in Bahia
  • Arrival of the royal family in Brazil (1808)
  • Pernambucan Revolution (1817) in Pernambuco
  • Brazil's Political Independence (1822)
  • First Reign (1822-1831) ruled by D. Pedro I
  • Creation of the First Constitution of the country (1824) by Dom Pedro I
  • Ecuador Confederation (1824)
  • Cisplatin War (1825-1828)
  • Economic Crisis of the Empire and the Abdication of Dom Pedro I (1831)
  • Regency Period (1831-1840)
  • Socioeconomic problems, crisis in politics and economy
  • Cabanagem (1835-1840) in the northern region of the country
  • Farroupilha Revolution (1835-1845) in the southern region of the country
  • Revolta dos Malês (1835) and Sabinada (1837-1838) in Salvador, Bahia
  • Balaiada (1838-1941) in Maranhão
  • Second Reign (1840-1889) and the government of Dom Pedro II
  • Praieira Revolution (1848-1850) in Pernambuco
  • End of the International Slave Trade and the Eusébio de Queirós Law (1850)
  • Abolitionism:Fight for the End of Slavery in Brazil
  • Abolitionist Laws:Free Womb Law (1871), Sexagenarian Law (1885) and Golden Law (1889)
  • Paraguay War (1864 and 1870) and the increase in Brazilian foreign debt
  • Second Reign Crisis
  • Modernization and Industrialization in Brazil
  • Proclamation of the Republic (1889) and the end of the parliamentary constitutional monarchy
  • Provisional Government (1889 to 1891) ruled by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca
  • The Encilhamento (1890) and the financial reform
  • First Constitution of the Republic (1891) which established the right to vote for people over 21 years old
  • República da Espada (1891-1894) and the Military Governments:Deodoro da Fonseca (1891) and Floriano Peixoto (1891-1894)
  • Republic of Oligarchies (1894-1930) and election of the first civilian president:Prudente de Morais (1894)
  • Coronelismo, clientelismo, halter vote and electoral fraud
  • Governors' policy during the Campos Sales government (1898-1902)
  • Coffee with Milk Policy and alternation in power (Minas Gerais and São Paulo)
  • Immigration and Industrialization:social and economic changes in the country
  • War of Canudos (1893-1897) in the northeastern hinterland
  • Contestado War (1912-1916) in the south of the country
  • Cangaço in the northeast of the country (19th and 20th centuries)
  • Vaccine Revolt (1904) and the Lash Revolt (1910) in Rio de Janeiro
  • Tenentism (1922-1926) and the overthrow of rural oligarchies
  • Tenentista Movement:Copacabana Fort Revolt (1922), São Paulo Revolt of 1924 and Coluna Prestes (1925 to 1927)
  • Modernist Movement and the Week of Modern Art (1922)
  • Revolution of 30 and the deposition of Washington Luís
  • Vargas era (1930-1945) and the government of Getúlio Vargas
  • Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
  • Constitution of 1934:labor rights and the secret and feminine vote
  • Communist Intent (1935) and the Cohen Plan
  • The Estado Novo (1937 to 1945) and the authoritarian government of Getúlio Vargas
  • Democratic Period (1946-1964) and the Constitution of 1946
  • JK era (Juscelino Kubitschek):developmentalism and optimism between 1956 and 1960
  • Construction of Brasilia in 1960
  • Military Governments (1964-1985)
  • Instructional Act number 5 (AI-5), in 1968
  • Process of redemocratization of the country:trade union movement, Amnesty Law, End of bipartisanship
  • Direct Now (1983-1984)
  • Plano Cruzado (1986), created during the government of José Sarney
  • Federal Constitution of 1988
  • Collor government (1990-1992), corruption allegations and impeachment
  • Plano Real (1993) during the government of Itamar Franco
  • FHC government (Fernando Henrique Cardoso):economic reforms and social advances
  • Lula government (2003-2010) and allegations of corruption
  • Dilma Government (2011-2016)
  • Government Temer

Read more:

  • Ancient Age
  • Middle Ages
  • Modern Age
  • Counting Time in History

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