Exercises on the Portuguese National Monarchy

(PUC-MG) The Revolution of Mestre de Avis (1383-1385) enabled the rise of a new dynasty in Portugal, with d. João I, extending until 1580, when the Iberian Union took place. The victory of d. João I, the master of Avis:

1. imposed a reorientation of Portuguese expansionist policy, threatening Spanish interests in the Flanders region.
2. provided territorial enlargement with an aggressive agrarian policy, aiming at obtaining resources destined for overseas colonization.
3. relied on the support of France against England and Spain, Portugal's rival countries in overseas disputes.
4. gave a new orientation to the expansionist policy, turning overseas, with the conquest of Ceuta being its starting point.
5. enabled the organization of Vasco da Gama's expedition, with the Royal Treasury allocating large sums to the undertaking.

(Mackenzie-SP) The reasons for the Portuguese pioneering in the maritime expansion of the 15th and 16th centuries were:

1. the invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by the Arabs and the conquest of Calicut by the Turks.
2. the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas by Portugal and other European countries.
3. a centralized liberal state, aimed at accumulating new consumer markets.
4. the wars of religion, the political decentralization of the state and the strengthening of servile ties.
5. a centralized monarchy interested in the spice trade.

About the process of formation of the Portuguese National Monarchy, it is incorrect state that:

1. In 1383, the Portuguese throne was left without heirs with the death of King Ferdinand I, which led the kingdom of Castile to claim dominion over Lusitanian lands supporting a new successor.
2. The Avis Revolution marked the rise of a new dynasty committed to the interests of the Portuguese bourgeoisie, in addition to strengthening the Portuguese National State with the development of mercantile activities and the systematic collection of taxes.
3. The Burgundian dynasty was not consolidated in the County of Portugal, due to the struggle with the Muslims. The lands continued to be controlled by members of the nobility, preventing the centralization of the state.
4. The Portuguese bourgeoisie resisted the process of annexation of Portugal, forming its own army. In the battle of Aljubarrota, the bourgeois won the Castilians and led the master of Avis to the Portuguese throne.

The formation of the Portuguese National Monarchy was marked by an important battle against the Castilians, which brought the master of Avis, d. João I, in 1385. What was this battle?

1. Battle of Alcacér-quibir.
2. Battle of the Quagmire.
3. Battle of Montes Claros.
4. Battle of Aljubarrota.
5. Battle of Vimeiro.

Letter D . The others are incorrect because:a) Portugal had no interest in the Flanders region; b) there was no territorial expansion with agrarian policy, but territorial conquests with commercial interests; c ) there was no support from any power; and ) The organization of Vasco da Gama's expedition took place almost a century later, with large sums of private capital.

Letter E . The others are wrong for the following reasons:a ) what happened in those centuries was the expulsion of the Arabs from the peninsula, and the Turks did not conquer Calicut; b ) the Treaty of Tordesillas was a consequence and not a reason for the expansion, in addition to having been signed only with Spain; c ) there was no liberal State and no interest in new consumer markets; d ) the State was centralized and the commercial bourgeoisie was strengthened.

Letter C . The Burgundian dynasty was consolidated in the Condado Portucalense and prevented the strengthening of the landed nobility with the collection of taxes and the control of lands by the centralized State. In addition, the dynasty continued the fight against the Moors.

Letter D . The Battle of Aljubarrota was significant for the centralization of state power in Portugal, when the army, encouraged by the commercial bourgeoisie, defeated the Castilians.