Exercises on the Christianization of Barbarians

About the process of conversion of the barbarian peoples, who invaded the Roman Empire, by the Christian leaders, we can say that:

1. it was an acculturation action, in which the barbarians lost all their cultural characteristics.
2. Christians bet on the strategy of calling the barbarians to their churches in urban areas.
3. was an action that imposed Christianity from the top down on barbarian peoples.
4. there was actually a cultural exchange, with both sides assimilating cultural aspects of each other.
5. the conversion of the barbarians to Christianity was related to a new expansion strategy of the Roman Empire, adopted after Christianity had become the official religion.

(FGV-SP) “The priest, having come into contact with Clovis, led him little by little and secretly to believe in the true God, creator of Heaven and Earth, and to renounce the idols that could not be his. any help, neither to him nor to anyone else [...] The king, having therefore confessed an almighty God in the Trinity, was baptized in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and anointed with holy Chrismation with the sign- of the cross. More than three thousand men of his army were likewise baptized [...]”

St. Gregory of Tours. “The Conversion of Clovis.” History and Ecclesiasticae Francorum . Apud PEDRO-SANCHES, M. G. History of the Middle Ages . Texts and witnesses. Sao Paulo:Ed. Unesp, 2000. p. 44-45.

Regarding the episodes described in the text, it is correct to say:

1. Clovis' conversion to Arianism allowed the Franks to approach the Lombards and expand their kingdom towards Northern Italy.
2. The conversion of Clovis, according to the rite of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, meant a political-military reinforcement for the Eastern Roman Empire.
3. With the conversion of Clovis, in accordance with the guidance of the Church of Rome, the Frankish kingdom became the first Germanic state under papal influence.
4. Clovis' conversion to Christianity led the Frankish kingdom into a prolonged religious conflict, as most of its members remained faithful to paganism.
5. The conversion of Clovis to Christianity allowed the Merovingian Frankish dynasty to annex Italy to its domains and to submit the papal power to monarchical authority.

(PUC-RS) Among the Barbarian Kingdoms, which emerged after the Germanic invasions and the end of the Roman Empire, the Frankish Kingdom was the most important because:

1. The Frankish kings converted to Christianity and defended the West against the advance of Muslims.
2. promoted the development of trade activities between West and East through the Crusades.
3. in this period feudal society reached its classical conformation and its economic and cultural apogee.
4. there was a centralization of power and there was a period of external and internal peace, which allowed the control of the power of the nobles over the serfs.
5. the Frankish kings managed to achieve a synthesis between Roman and Eastern culture, which would serve as an inspiration for the Cultural Renaissance of the 14th century.

Most Christianized barbarian peoples initially adhered to Arianism, a religious interpretation fought as heresy by the Catholic Church on the grounds that:

1. the peoples of the Aryan race were superior to others on Earth, especially the Jews.
2. Christ, God and the Holy Spirit were formed by the same divine essence, giving rise to the doctrine of the Holy Trinity.
3. Christ was a creature similar to other human beings, he was not eternal, thus denying his divine character.
4. Christ was divine as God, the two, Father and Son, being formed of the same substance.

Letter D . It is possible to perceive the cultural influence on both sides, with the Christianization of the barbarians and the influence of cultural traits of the barbarians in the Roman Church, such as some heretical movements.

Letter C . Clovis' conversion represented a lasting rapprochement between the Germanic nobles and the papal power, installed in Rome.

LetterA . The action of Carlos Martel, one of the Christianized Frankish kings, contributed to preventing the advance of Muslims beyond the Iberian Peninsula.

Letter C . According to Arianism, Christ was not of the same divine substance as God, being a creature of God like the others, despite having been the perfect human being.