Exercises on the consequences of the Crusades

(Fuvest) Regarding the Crusades, it is correct to say that:

a) ultimately represent the crisis of the feudal system;

b) the First Crusade was called by Innocent III;

c) the Third Crusade conquered the city of Jerusalem;

d) the Fourth Crusade was led by Ricardo Coração de Leão;

e) Dandolo, doge of Venice, made a deal with Sultan Saladin during the Sixth Crusade.

(UFPE) Analyze the statements below related to the existence of the Crusades:

1) The Crusades were expeditions organized by feudal lords, with the purpose of reactivating life in the manors.

2) The Crusades, expeditions marked by religious and economic interests, had the participation of the Catholic Church.

3) The Crusades made no contribution to the economy in the West, as they created inexpressive conflicts and exacerbated religious fanaticism.

4) The participation of the poor population in the Crusades was significant and points to one of the moments of crisis of the feudal system.

5) The profits of the nobles in the Crusades contributed to revitalize the feudal economy, with the adoption of wage labor.

It(are) correct:

a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5;

b) 2 and 4 only;

c) 5 only;

d) 2 and 3 only;

e) 1 only.

From an economic point of view, what was the great legacy of the Crusades for Europe?

a) strengthening of the cities of Northern Europe, which did not participate in the Crusades, with the creation of the Hanseatic League.

b) strengthening of feudalism, now enriched with the riches obtained in the looting of the East.

c) development of trade between West and East, greater circulation of coins, in addition to contributing to the development of western cities from the weakening of feudalism.

d) created a strong economic crisis due to the high expenses made by the western kingdoms.

e) contributed to the enrichment only of the Kingdom of England, which conquered and sacked the city of Jerusalem in 1099.

Christian-Muslim relations after the Crusades were:

a) shaken and contributed to the growth of religious intolerance between the parties.

b) strengthened, as dissent was resolved after the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked.

c) remained neutral from the development of trade between the parties.

d) were strengthened from the promotion of persecution of Jews by Christians and Muslims.

Letter A

The Crusades represented the crisis of the feudal system, because, from the development of commerce, the rigid structure of serfdom that characterized feudalism was being modified in a way that many peasants abandoned serfdom and moved for cities looking for new perspectives and crafts. With this, the structure of feudalism weakened and began to make room for the characteristics that led to Mercantilism.

Letter B

The Crusades were motivated by religious interests, in the sense of guaranteeing Christian control over the Holy Sepulcher and all regions considered sacred in Palestine. Furthermore, it was in the Church's interest to channel the growing violence practiced by European nobles towards a common goal for all. In the economic question, the Crusades motivated those who saw the possibility of looting to enrich themselves and the landless nobles, who could obtain land and riches for themselves.

Popular mobilization for the Crusades was in fact very large, which even resulted in spontaneous movements, such as the Children's Crusade and the Beggars' Crusade. In addition, after the Crusades, but not exclusively because of them, the bonds of servitude that tied the peasant to the land began to weaken, which contributed to urban and commercial development.

Letter C

The Crusades opened up trade in the Mediterranean Sea, which contributed to the development of Italian cities. In addition, it enabled the arrival of luxury goods from the eastern market and encouraged feudal lords to use their agricultural surpluses as a bargaining chip. Commercial development occurred with urban development and encouraged the use of currency, since barter (exchange of goods) no longer met the needs of commerce.

Letter A

The Crusades helped to undermine the relationship between Christians and Muslims and resulted in increased religious intolerance between the parties. A consequence of this was the taking of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, which was the result of Islam's counterattack on Christianity. In addition, the Crusades also increased the existing differences between the Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome, and the Orthodox Church, based in Constantinople.