Exercises on the Old Republic

(Enem/2019) The Vaccine Revolt (1904) clearly showed the defensive, disorganized, fragmented aspect of popular action. The State was not denied, participation in political decisions was not claimed; values ​​and rights considered above state intervention were defended.

CARVALHO, J. M. The bestialized:Rio de Janeiro and the Republic that was not. Sao Paulo:Co. das Letras, 1987 (adapted).

The mobilization analyzed represented an alert, insofar as the popular action questioned:

a) the price hike.

b) the clientelistic policy.

c) urban reforms.

d) government discretion.

e) electoral practices.

(Enem/2017) Rodrigo had been nominated by the opposition as inspector of one of the polling stations. He put his revolver in his belt, a box of bullets in his pocket, and headed for his post. The voter roll began at seven in the morning. Planted by the door, Trindade's henchmen offered ballots with the name of the official candidates to all voters who entered. The latter, almost all of them, meekly took the paper bags and deposited them in the urn, after signing the authentic one. Those who refused to do so had their names embitteredly noted.

AWESOME, E. Weather and wind. São Paulo:Globo, 2003 (adapted).

Erico Veríssimo discusses in a fictional work the following characteristic aspect of political life during the First Republic:

a) Forced identification of illiterate males.

b) Legal monitoring of legislative claims.

c) Explicit repression of the exercise of rights.

d) Advertising targeted to the population of the field.

e) Police curtailment of unionized workers.

(Enem) Coronelismo was the result of a change in the balance of forces between rural landowners and the government, and meant the strengthening of state power before the predominance of the colonel. In this conception, coronelismo is, then, a national political system, based on bargains between the government and the coroneis. The colonel has control of public offices, from the police chief to the primary school teacher. The colonel mortgages his support to the government, especially in the form of a vote.

CARVALHO, J. M. Stitches and embroidery:writings of political history. Belo Horizonte. UFMG Publisher, 1998 (adapted).

In the context of the First Republic in Brazil, the political relationships described were based on

a) coercion by local militias.

b) stagnation of urban dynamics.

c) appreciation of party proselytism.

d) dissemination of clientelistic practices.

e) centralization of administrative decisions.

(Enem) TEXT I

Canudos did not surrender. Unique example in all history, it resisted until complete exhaustion. Won inch by inch, in the full precision of the term, it fell on the 5th, at dusk, when its last defenders fell, all of whom died. There were only four of them:an old man, two grown men and a child, in front of whom five thousand soldiers roared angrily.

CUNHA, E. Os sertões. Rio de Janeiro:Francisco Alves, 1987.

TEXT II

In the trench, in the center of the redoubt, remained four fanatical survivors of the extermination. He was an old man, lame from an injury and wearing a Catholic Guard uniform, a boy between 16 and 18 years old, a tall, thin black man, and a caboclo. When summoned to lay down their weapons, they charged with enormous fury. Thus ended and in such a tragic way the bloody war, which banditry and fanaticism had kept burning for long months, in that corner of the national territory.

SOARES, H. M. A Guerra de Canudos. Rio de Janeiro:Altina, 1902.

The accounts of the last act of the Canudos War make use of representations that would perpetuate in the memory built on the conflict. In this sense, each author characterized the attitude of the sertanejos, respectively, as the result of the

a) manipulation and incompetence.

b) ignorance and solidarity.

c) hesitation and obstinacy.

d) hope and courage.

e) bravery and madness.

The First Republic was marked by different social movements and small conflicts that erupted, manifesting popular dissatisfaction and the different interests in dispute in our society. Among the movements listed below, which one did not take place during the First Republic:

a) Federalist Revolution

b) Armada Revolt

c) Praia Revolution

d) Whip Revolt

e) Copacabana Fort Revolt

In the words of historians Lília Schwarcz and Heloísa Starling, there was a certain policy, initiated by Campos Sales in Brazil, which “recognized the full autonomy of regional elites, turned a blind eye to committed by these elites to elect the benches and the state government, he waved gifts from the Treasury and presented the invoice:the federation units should act cohesively and in line with the central power.”

SCHWARCZ, Lilia Moritz and STARLING, Heloísa Murgel. Brazil:A Biography. São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 2015, p. 321.

Historians mentioned what practice of our policy:

a) Café au lait policy

b) Governor's Policy

c) Minority Policy

d) Containment Policy

e) Representation Policy

The trigger that started the Armed Revolt, which led to the end of the First Republic, was:

a) the defeat of the tenentista movement in São Paulo

b) the defeat of Getúlio Vargas

c) the murder of João Pessoa

d) the return of the Prestes Column

e) the crisis in Brazilian coffee

Violence against the poor, racism and physical punishment were factors that started the:

a) Revolt of the Whip

b) Contestado War

c) War of Straws

d) Paulista Revolt of 1924

e) Prestes Column

Coluna Prestes was a lieutenant uprising that became one of the biggest revolts of the First Republic. The great adversary of Coluna Prestes was:

a) Hermes da Fonseca

b) Rodrigues Alves

c) Sales Fields

d) Artur Bernardes

e) Júlio Prestes

The historian Maria Efigênia Lage de Resende points out that the Brazilian Constitution of 1891 was inspired by the North American model and implanted federalism in Brazil to replace the centralism typical of the monarchic period .

RESENDE, Maria Efigênia Lage. The political process in the First Republic. In.:FERREIRA, Jorge and DELGADO, Lucília de Almeida Neves (eds.). The time of oligarchic liberalism:from the Proclamation of the Republic to the Revolution of 1930. Rio de Janeiro:Civilização Brasileira, 2018, p.83.

Regarding electoral rights, what the 1891 Constitution said:

a) both men and women could vote.

b) all citizens, including illiterates, could vote.

c) only men with census criteria could vote.

d) only men over 21 could vote.

e) the Constitution did not address the issue of voting.

The well-known café au lait policy was a policy of rotating the presidential candidate according to the oligarchies of two Brazilian states. These states were:

a) Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo

b) Minas Gerais and São Paulo

c) Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro

d) Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul

e) Bahia and Pernambuco

During the Federalist Revolution, the conquest of the city of Desterro by troops loyal to the government of Rio de Janeiro caused the city to be renamed, becoming :

a) Porto Alegre

b) Curitiba

c) Florianópolis

d) Petrópolis

e) Santos

Letter D

The Vaccine Revolt was one of the main popular movements of the First Republic and motivated by the population's dissatisfaction with the authoritarian measures that were taken by the management of Pereira Passos. During the administration of this mayor, an urban reform and a vaccination campaign were carried out, which were marked by the authoritarianism of the public power.

Letter C

The question mentions the halter vote and electoral fraud, two common practices during the First Republic period. The halter vote consisted of intimidating voters so that they would vote for candidates nominated by local authorities.

Letter D

Customerism is a concept that refers to the practices of exchanging favors that characterized political relations in Brazil during the First Republic. Thus, the colonels, regionalized authorities, used all their power to take initiatives that were favorable to the Federal Government. In return, they received a free letter to act in their states and government support.

Letter E

Both texts mention the Canudos War and both bring opposing views on this event. The first text values ​​and extols the bravery of the population that resisted, in Canudos, the might of the Army. The second text brings a negative view of the sertanejos, calling them bandits and comparing their resistance with madness.

Letter C

Among the alternatives, the Praieira Revolution is the only one that did not take place during the First Republic. This event took place between 1848 and 1850, therefore, in the Second Reign, and was motivated by disputes between the oligarchies of Pernambuco for the power of the province.

Letter B

Governors policy or state policy was established during the presidency of Campos Sales (1898-1902) and was a common political practice throughout the First Republic. In it, an alliance between the Executive and the Legislature took place, and the Federal Government's agendas were defended, with the local oligarchies gaining support from the government in their states.

Letter C

The assassination of João Pessoa, vice president of Getúlio Vargas' presidential candidate, in 1930, was the trigger for the 1930 Revolution, an armed movement that ended the First Republic. The murder of João Pessoa took place in a bakery in Rio de Janeiro, and was not related to the election held that year.

Letter A

The Revolt of the Whip took place in November 1910, being carried out by sailors who were on naval vessels in Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. The revolt was motivated by the violence practiced against the poor in the city during the period, but also by the racism and physical punishment that black sailors suffered in the corporation.

Letter D

Coluna Prestes was a movement that emerged among the lieutenants and united the rebels in Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, with the meeting of all in Paraná. Coluna Prestes was led by Miguel Costa and Luís Carlos Prestes, acted between 1925 and 1927, and was against the government of Artur Bernardes.

Letter D

The 1891 Constitution said that men over 21 could vote. However, for that, they could not be beggars, low-ranking military, religious with a vow of obedience or illiterates. There was no criterion of skin color or income for voting. Women could not vote.

Letter B

The café au lait policy was practiced at certain times of the First Republic. This practice brought together São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the two largest oligarchies in Brazil, and both states ensured the president's rotation between politicians appointed by each.

Letter C

The city of Desterro was recaptured by government troops in 1894. In commemoration of this event and the defeat of the Federalist Revolution, the city's mayor, Hercílio Luz, decided to name it Florianópolis , in honor of President Floriano Peixoto.