Wat Khian Bang Kaeo

Terrain

General Condition

Wat Khian Bang Kaeo or Wat Khian Bang Kaeo Located on a sandbar, located about 1 kilometer from the shores of Songkhla Lake, looks like a mound surrounded by floodplain areas to alternate residential mounds. It is about 5 kilometers above sea level. The surrounding area is a farming area. There are traces of old canals showing changes in waterways due to sea level changes that have made these canals and alterations a lot.

The archaeological site has Bang Kaeo canal flowing through the south to Songkhla Lake at Pattthong Beach.

On the northwest side, Pak Paniat canal flows through Songkhla Lake at Ban Pak Paniad, about 1 kilometer from the archaeological site of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo. Both of these canals originate from the Banthat mountain range. It is about 2 km. to the southeast, with the canal Changgae flowing through and the archaeological site is about 2.5 km from the Satang Canal (Amonrat Phiyakul 2008 :65).

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

It is a group of towns in the Songkhla Lake Influence Zone. There are important secondary streams namely Khlong Bang Kaeo and Khlong Pak Paniat. It flows from Khao Banthat through archaeological sites to Songkhla Lake.

Geological conditions

It is a mound formed by deposition of sediments located along the sandbar along Songkhla Lake on the west side. (Southern Archeology Project 1986 :no number listed)

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Mythological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Wat Khian Bang Kaeo is an important temple in Phatthalung Province. History of the construction of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo Appeared in the legend of Phra Nang Blood White, Wat Khian Bang Kaew edition of Phra Kru Inthamolee, the primate of Pa Kaew Hua Mueang Phatthalung. (written around the 21st - 23rd Buddhist century) and the chronicle of Phatthalung, compiled by Luang Sri Worawat (written around the year 2460) said that Wat Khian Bang Kaeo was built by Phraya Kuman. Along with Wat Sathang built by Nang Luek Khao and Wat Sathing Phra by Phraya Krongthong. which in the Phatthalung chronicle mentions the construction of a viharn and Buddha image at Wat Khian Bang Kaeo by Phraya Kuman in the year 1482.

Then the temple was abandoned. The document mentions the restoration of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo again during the Ayutthaya period by Phra Kru Inthamolee. Primate Pa Kaew Hua Muang Phatthalung corresponds to the reign of King Maha Chakraborty in the year 2057

Around 2096–2111 Malay guests have come and attacked the city of Jathing Buddha. Causing to move the city to set up at Ban Bang Kaeo (but only at the center for a while)

Wat Khian Bang Kaeo has been restored several times. as shown in the textbook Boromrachuthit for the reign of King Petracha 1788-1703 Mention the restoration of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo and Wat Satang and in 1910 the Mahathat Chedi was due to severe damage. The top of the relics is broken the preceptor Chanthasaro, the abbot and Phra Khru criticizes the precepts (Crabs), the district clergy will leave the monks together to renovate the form, change from the original in many ways, such as the lower base, the elephant arch, which originally appeared inside the arch, has been closed. with a wall And continue to build on from Pong Why (Nikhom Tanjana 1978 :no page number listed) Wat Khian Bang Kaeo has been renovated until it has the architectural features seen today.

The importance of the archaeological site of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo in the field of archaeological evidence It is assumed that the area of ​​Wat Khian Bang Kaeo is likely to be a community residence since the Buddhist century 15 -18 (There are linguistic artifacts found, bronze Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara resembling Cham art, aged around the 15th Buddhist century, Khmer wares determined around the 16th-18th Buddhist century, Chinese wares from the Tang Dynasty to the period early 5 dynasties determine the age around the end of the 14th Buddhist century – the first half of the 15th Buddhist Then Ban Bang Kaew grew more prosperous during the Buddhist century 19 -23, especially during the 22nd Buddhist century when Wat Khian Bang Kaeo became a political center. The center of trade and Buddhism in the Songkhla Lake District As can be seen from the textbooks Boromrathit in the Ayutthaya period that gave various temples in Nakhon Si Thammarat. Trang and Muang Phatthalung, 290 temples depend on Wat Khian Bang Kaeo. Dense archaeological evidence was found during this period.

ancient site Important antiques at Wat Khian Bang Kaeo are as follows:

1. Phra Mahathat Chedi It is a bell-shaped chedi located on an octagonal pedestal base, made of bricks and mortar, with a height of about 22 meters, enshrined behind the chapel from the architectural style, presumably built around the 20th-21st Buddhist century with inspiration. from Phra Borommathat Chedi Nakhon Si Thammarat Characteristics of making the base The octagon supports the bell body and the pillar that is separated from the segment. Why is it similar to the art of the early Ayutthaya period (Amonrat Phiyakul 2008:148) Phra Mahathat Chedi? Wat Khian Bang Kaeo Architectural elements are as follows:

base There is an arch of stucco Buddha images in meditation posture alternating with stucco elephant images seen at the foot and head around the base of the chedi. There is a staircase leading up to the courtyard on the east side. There is an arch of Buddha images on both sides of the stairs. The entrance arch is a cascade of layers. On the royal floor adorned with three stupa which is a square base chedi supporting a square bell.

central It is an octagonal chopping board base that is reduced to 3 tiers to support a circular bell body. The bottom floor base is decorated with stucco with thip pattern. Above the bell body is a square throne decorated with porcelain, and the four corners are decorated with stucco ravens resembling the Ayutthaya period chedi.

Top Next is Sao Han, 8 trees decorated with stucco statues of Buddhist disciples standing next to the statue next to the concave opening of the Sao Han. Why is it above? Group lotus and Pleed Yot respectively

around the pagoda There is a chedi at the corner In front are 2 bell-shaped chedi with indented squares, and behind them are chedi-based chedi supporting the base of the lotus-backed lotus and 2 round-shaped bells, all surrounded by a crooked balcony. which left the entrance on the east side as a way to contact the ordination hall inside the balcony Inside the winding balcony enshrines a stucco Buddha image made by local craftsmen.

2. Ubosot It is located in front of Phra Mahathat Chedi. parallel to Khlong Bang Kaeo It is a brick building with cement shingle roof. Inside enshrines 5 stucco Buddha images in the attitude of subduing Mara, behind the partition is a room for reclining stucco images.

3. Ho Phra Dharamsala located in front of the ubosot It is a brick building with mortar. shingle roof Drilled a hole in the side window, 1 on each side, enshrined 1 local artisan Buddha image.

4. bell tower base in front of the Dharamsala Hall Currently, only the square base is brick and mortar.

5. Princess Hall located in front of the bell tower It is a brick and mortar building, open-air, without walls, shingle roof.

In addition, from the archaeological survey around Wat Khian Bang Kaeo Found archaeological evidence scattered throughout the temple area. The important places are as follows:

- Kok Khaek Chee or Brahmin Church Located in the northeast of the Ubosot, broken bricks and sandstone sculptures are found scattered on the soil surface.

- The Ruins of the Viharn holding Pipat Sattaya Water in the northeast of the ubosot About 4 meters high from the ground level, 6 meters wide, found bricks scattered all over the hill. There are 3 pieces of red sandstone Buddha images and the head of the Buddha image. It is assumed that this area may be part of the building.

- Kok Phra Tula In the northwest of the temple remains hold water. It was originally a large mound. A large sandstone Buddha head and many sandstone Buddha images were found. Later, the temple built a brick building base on Khok Tula and renovated the red sandstone Buddha head. The villagers called it "Phra Kaew Tula Sri Maha Pho". In this area, parts of clay pottery were found. chinaware Lots of Chinese wares and Vietnamese wares

- Kok Muang It is located to the north of Wat Khian Bang Kaeo. At present, villagers build city pillars on such mounds. This area used to excavate Arab gold coins. Sangkhalok Cup chinese wares Lots of Vietnamese wares and pottery parts

Related legend

The legend of the white blood queen It is one of the most prevalent myths of the south. The Legend of the White Blood Queen, Wat Khian Bang Kaeo edition in prose Found at Wat Khian Bang Kaeo Khao Chaison District Phatthalung Province Currently kept at the Wachirayan Library. National Library recorded with Thai abbreviations The first line is written in Thai Khmer characters on white paper with black pencil. Also sewn into a booklet. Therefore called the white blood It is assumed that white blood pellets should have been recorded in writing for the first time when the reconstruction of Wat Bang Kaeo and Wat Satang coincided with the reign of Somdej Phra Maha Chakravard (AD 2091-2111). It is expected that the old manuscript It seems to have been damaged and has been recorded again by Phra Kru Intha Moly, the primate of Pa Kaew. Phatthalung City In the reign of King Rama I (1708-2232), the era that appears in the first line of text, said "Suphamat Du 651 Sakaka, the zodiac era", presumably in the period of 1729 in the legend of the white blood of the temple. Write Bangkaew Can be divided into 2 large parts:the first part is about the construction of the city of Phatthalung. in relation to the establishment of the city where the temple was written Wat Satang and Wat Sathing Phra and mentions the origin of the white-blooded Queen and the baby from the bamboo shoots that Sam Mo and Grandmother Petch picked up when they went to find elephants Later, the pediatrics led the partisans. came to set up a city at Bang Kaeo and found a treasure White blood queen took the treasure to build a viharn and Buddha image at Wat Satang. As for the pediatricians, they brought the treasures to build a viharn and a Buddha image at Wat Khian. Along with bringing a gold leaf to write a legend and name the temple Wat Khian Bang Kaeo, part two said that all 3 temples had been abandoned for a thousand years. Then mention the history of Phra Kru Inthamolee. primate forest glass Phatthalung provinces that came to renovate all 3 temples assumed that they corresponded to the reign of King Maha Chakravard, 2091 – 2111 (Chaiyawut Phiyakul 2006 :26 -28)

The textbook of Borom Rachuthit for the last time in the reign of King Petracha The manuscript was obtained from Wat Khian Bang Kaeo when His Majesty inspected the government in 1912, written in Thai characters with black lines abbreviated on the paper shaft. There is an image of the angel seal and the lotus glass seal. There is also a version in Khmer characters. It is assumed that it was written in the reign of Phra Petracha. Because there is an era specified in the year 2242 by mentioning Phra Kru Inthamaoli. Primate of Wat Pa Kaew Phatthalung City Blessed with Somdej Phra Petracha and asked him to patronize the temples in Phatthalung that belong to Wat Khian Bang Kaeo and Wat Satang. The King therefore ordered the scribe to make a book of Kanpana, dedicating all 290 temples that depend on Wat Kaew and Wat Satang, including telling the territory of Wat Kaew and Wat Satang. (Committee for publishing historical documents Culture and Archeology, Prime Minister's Office 1967 :1-5)

Annals of Phatthalung City Compiled by Luang Sriworachat (Pin Chantarojawong) in the year 1917 with a total of 6 chapters. Episodes 1-4 are the story of Phatthalung from ancient times to the Rattanakosin period. Episodes 5 -6 are the transition period. Government and matters of ancient government In the first part, the content is similar to the legend of Nang Blood Khao. The establishment of Phatthalung city mentions the construction of a viharn and Buddha image at Wat Khian Bang Kaew by Phraya Kuman in 1482. In the second part, it describes the city. Phatthalung in Ayutthaya period The content in this episode will be compiled from a royal book given by Kalpana to temples in the Songkhla Lake that is related to Wat Khian Bang Kaeo, namely, Chao-Hus-Hus-Hus-Int, a Buddhist monk from Phatthalung during the reign of the Emperor who renovated Wat Khian Bang Kaeo. and Wat Sathing, and then offer their blessings at Kalpana for Wat Khian and Wat Sathing The King therefore graciously appointed him as Phra Kru Inthamolee. Primate Pa Kaeo Hua Mueang Phatthalung and please make the opening of both Muang Nakhon Si Thammarat and Phatthalung temples, the number of 298 temples, based on Wat Khian Bang Kaew and Wat Sathing, 1699 B.E. Wat Khian Bang Kaew was renovated and asked the King's blessing at Kalpana for Wat Khian and Wat Satang. (Luang Sriworawat 1964 :1-7)