Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace

Terrain

General Condition

Bowon Sathan Mongkol Palace is now home to the Bangkok National Museum, Bunditpatanasilpa Institute, National Theater and Thammasat University. and Sanam Luang on the north side.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Chao Phraya River

Geological conditions

Holocene sediments

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace (Wang Na) is located on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River, along the road in front of Phra That in the former moat line. His Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn To be built together with the Grand Palace in 1782, the former territory is wider than the present. Later, King Chulalongkorn revoked the position of the Royal Palace Department and ordered the demolition of the fortress and some buildings in the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace because they were too dilapidated to be restored.

The wall of the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace when first built in 1782 was probably a wall with poles, later changed to a brick wall with plaster finish in 1785. The original wall was surrounded by roads. The moon passes in the middle of Sanam Luang up to Ratchadamnoen Nai Road and returns west along Rajini Road to the Chao Phraya River at Tha Chang Wang Na, which is the area that is Thammasat University, the North Sanam Luang National Museum, the Volunteer Monument, National Theater, Chang Silp College and College of Dramatic Arts Because the palace was built facing east according to the style of the front palace in Ayutthaya, the back of the palace is on the side of the Chao Phraya River. The octagonal roof of the canopy was made into a battle tower with 13 palace gates, a wall and a gate of the Bowon Palace. Most of them were demolished during the reign of King Rama V after the abolition of the Department of the Bovorn Palace. Some of the buildings in the area of ​​the Bowon Palace were demolished to expand the Sanam Luang area, the area that is now Thammasat University. It was the location of the Royal Regiment until in 1933 Thammasat University was established and politics was established in 1934, so the ownership of the Regimental land was transferred to Thammasat University, the area of ​​the Bowon Palace in this part. It was the site of Thammasat University until now, the rest of the walls of Bowon Palace on the south side have been used as part of the university wall.

Inside the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace (Wang Na) in the past, the area is divided into Intermediate Royal Court Area Outside the Middle Royal Court Area and the inner court area, with each floor of the royal court having its presumed territory, including:

- The outer court area covers the present area of ​​Bunditpatanasilpa Institute. National Theater, Bangkok Municipal Government Club and the road in front of the National Theater

- The central court area covers the present area of ​​the Bangkok National Museum

- The Inner Palace area covers the current area of ​​Thammasat University. Tha Prachan

Important ancient sites in Wang Na area are:

- Siwamokkhaphiman Throne Hall It was originally a royal throne hall. but added to the wall when it was classified as a national museum in the year 1910.

- Buddhathaisawan Throne Hall It looks like a throne room by the front platform that is overlapped for comparing the royal elephants.

- Isara Winitchai Throne Hall It is a pavilion for officials to watch over at the porch. It is called Tim Mahawong in the reign of King Rama III. He added the porch to be the throne room.

- Phra Wiman Village is a group of royal palaces with roofs connected all the time and connected by 6 porches and one more porch. There are many important buildings, consisting of - Vasanta Phiman Throne Hall - Amaret Vayusathan Throne Hall - Phromme Throne Hall Satada- Phimumonthian Throne Hall- Prisadangkaphimuk Throne- Burapha Phimuk Throne- Thaksina Phimuk Throne- Patchima Phimuk Throne- Utraphimuk Throne- The back of the Royal Hall

- Issaresaranusorn Throne Hall has a western style architecture, is a 2-storey building, 9 rooms, with stairs as a porch to the outside.

- The Ekalongkot Throne Hall is a royal throne hall for royal vehicles, built in the same way as the Dusida Phirom Throne Hall in the Grand Palace.

- The Executive Mansion is a single-storey building made of brick and mortar, with a Chinese style of corrugated tiled roof, a gable roof painted in Chinese patterns. Inside there is a cab with Chinese paintings.

- Sala Samran Mukmat It's a hall hall

- Sala Long Song, built in the reign of King Rama VI, originally located at Sanam Chan Palace.

- Phra Tamnak Daeng is a traditional Thai wooden house.

- The southern wall of the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace is a brick wall with mortar with pointed parapets.

- Diamond Dam

- He Mor

- Wat Bowon Sathan Sutthawat

- Kotchakamprawet Throne Hall

- The Miracle Throne Hall

in fiscal year 2012 Archeology Research and Development Group The Bureau of Archeology has implemented a plan to preserve and restore the area of ​​Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace to return it to its academic correctness, therefore it is necessary to study and research based on both archaeological and historical data by applying geographic information technology. use In order to know the order of change in the use of the area which will be a guideline for conservation and development of the area of ​​the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace in the area of ​​the National Museum of Bangkok. At present, archaeological studies are still ongoing. These findings are only the data for the fiscal year 2012 only.

The archaeological study and excavation in the area of ​​the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace (Wang Na) has the following procedures:

1) Surveying from historical documents such as the legend of Wang Na, the royal writings of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, photographs, maps, plans, etc.

2) Surveying with the application of scientific methods by means of surveying the area with ground-breaking radar (GPR) and Geographical Informatics (GIS) data.

3) Archaeological excavations

From the survey to assess the potential of the area from the documents and the Earth Penetration Radar Survey (GPR) on the lawn on the south side of the Isara Winitchai Throne Hall. There were traces of observation in the basement level from 0.40 - 2 meters, which constantly used the overlapping area. Determination of the excavation area in the south of the Isara Winitchai Throne Hall Therefore, a total excavation area of ​​330 square meters has been determined, with excavation time between September-November 2012.

1.Data from a study of historical documents, old photographs, old maps, GPR, and the use of geographic information. (GIS)

From the study of documents, it was found that This area has been renovated, the area has been used throughout as the residence of the Royal Palace Department during the reigns of King Rama I - V, the Royal Museum and the Barracks during the reigns of King Rama 5 - 7, and as a museum for the city since 1926 and Developed into the National Museum, Bangkok later, details of each period can be summarized as follows:

Bovonmahasurasinghanat Palace Regiment In the first period, there was a group of Phra Wiman. with the hall and the front porch It is assumed that at that time it was called the Brahma Face Throne Hall, in front of the porch there was a platform that the city's guests approached. Beyond the platform is a streak that covers the porch of the throne room on three sides.

Bovorn Maha Senanurak Palace Department Only the royal palace was repaired, but not in the area where the current excavation was carried out.

Bovorn Mahasakdipolsep Palace Reign The royal palace was repaired and new buildings were added. In front of the Wiman Village, which is the location of the excavation site, a porch was built at the center of the Viman, while the original front porch was converted into a porch, called the Phimukh Montien Throne Hall. And there was a demolition of Tim Mahawong on the east side and built a new palace, one more body next to the original porch. called "Isara Winitchai Throne Hall"

The reign of King Pinklao A glass wall was built around the Isara Winitchai Throne Hall. King Rama IV ordered to build two halls, namely the Mangkhalapisek Throne Hall
Ekalongkot, arranged in a north-south line to honor King Pinklao. Chao Yu Hua along the glass wall with the two thrones as mentioned on the map in 1907. Plan to explore the Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace to adjust the place for the museum in 1925. and a map to explore Bangkok in 1929

During the year 2428 - 2477 When the Department of the Bowon Wichai Chanthiwongkot Palace, in 1885, His Majesty King Chulalongkorn was appointed as the Crown Prince to replace him. auspicious and was graciously pleased to move the Museum Royal in the Grand Palace to be exhibited in the Siwamokkhaphiman Throne Hall, Phutthaisawan Throne Hall and the throne
Issara Winitchai and graciously to demolish the fortress in the eastern outer court to open as Sanam Luang

Adjust the northern area, remaining the Ubosot of Wat Bowon Sathan Sutthawat, graciously ordered to build 3 western architecture buildings to be used as the office of the Ministry of Dharma. It was later used as the office of the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Transport, respectively, later demolished to create the National Theater and the location of the chariot garage.

On the western side of the Chao Phraya River, the area has been demolished. Construct the 11th Infantry Barn and divide the southern palace into one section to be classified as a warehouse of war equipment. Build a new gate on the corner of Chan Chan Road and demolish
Phet Dam to form a wall to the east to the wall of the iron fence. reconstructed of the museum

2. Data from archaeological excavations on the south side of the Isara Winitchai Throne Hall

The southern area of ​​the Isara Winitchai Throne Hall found important archaeological evidence from a depth of about 40 centimeters from the soil surface, including a group of ancient monuments made of bricks and mortar overlapping each other. There are both assumed functionality and unknown functions. The group of important historical sites found are:

The supporting base of the building is assumed to be the base for the Tim Mahawong Building. In the reign of Somdej Phra Bowonraj Chao Maha Sura Singhanat (1782 - 1803), or it may be an amulet built with the ashes hall during the reign of Somdej Phra Bowonraj Chao Maha Sakdipolsep (1824 - 1832 B.E.)

Groups of columns on a brick line arranged in a hall style. The position of such buildings is comparable to the military barracks in the 1887 plan of the Baworn Sathan Mongkhon Palace (Wang Na) and the Bangkok Map
1929.

3. Data from archaeological excavations on the north side of the Buddha image at Phutthaisawan

from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys and the use of geographic information (GIS) found that some parts of the field on the north side of the Phutthaisawan Throne Hall were used as the location of the military barracks since the reign of His Majesty the King. /> Phra Pinklao Chao Yuhua continued until the reign of the Royal Palace Department. In addition, when Bowon Sathan Mongkhon Palace was a museum for the city in 1926, a water supply system was installed to connect from Sanam Luang in the north and this area was disturbed when the building of the Sangkhet Sala as shown in the picture. Map of the National Museum of Bangkok in 1962.

Excavations have found a group of archaeological sites, both presumed functionality and unknown functions. The important ancient sites found are:

The foundations of the barracks and brick roads were all found disturbed by modern reinforced concrete foundations, presumably to be the synagogues built in 1962 and dismantled in the latter part

4. Data from archaeological excavations on the side of the Mangklaphisek Throne Hall

The area on the north side of the Mangklaphisek Throne Hall is Phutthaisawan Throne Hall In the south, there is a structure, namely a royal car garage, which was the former seat of the Aekalongkut Throne Hall.

From the excavations, the ancient monuments of brick and mortar were found as a continuation of the military barracks found in front of the Phutthaisawan seat and the water pipes when the public utilities were first laid up, the National Museum of Bangkok, B.E. 2469

The results of archaeological studies conclude that the evidence from the excavations dated between the 24th and 25th Buddhist centuries, and no evidence of an older age has been found. Artifacts found include local items such as earthenware, round bottoms and objects. That represents Western and Chinese culture, such as Chinese wares, stucco pieces, Chinese art designs. Sculpture depicting a Western soldier, a soldier's hat, a glass pipe (a substitute for money in Chinese gambling), a bottle of foreign perfume, a bottle of western liquor. Cups and glassware from Europe, etc.