Phu Sang

Terrain

General Condition

The general geography is a wavy area alternating with a small flat area. and there are small horns all over the area In which Doi Phu Sang is one of those hills, the surrounding area is a forested area that has been converted to agricultural land. Different types of orchards There are no big trees left to be a forest. The Sao River and the Mun River are the main streams of the area. (The Sao River flows through the west side and the Mini River flows through the north side of the area) by the headwaters of Huai Kod. Plants are evergreen (Chaturaporn Thiamtingrit and Siripat Boonyai 2006:18)

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Sao River, Mini River

Geological conditions

Groups of rocks found in the archaeological site are divided into 2 groups.

1. Volcanic rock group It is an igneous rock formed from magma, including Andesite, Ash, Diabase, Tuff, Rhyolite, Quartzite, Vericular Basalt. The rocks found to be used as raw materials for the production of stone tools are Rhyolite, Andesite and Tuff, Rhyolite.

2. Semi-metamorphic group from the geological processes in the early Pleistocene causing changes in rock layers which originally in this area was a sedimentary rock layer When the conditions of high pressure and heat from the insertion of the magma line causing transformation by touch (Metamorphic) causes new crystallization. (Recrytalization) makes the sedimentary rock structure change to become more solid. more fine texture Can be divided into Metamorphose mudstone and sandstone (some documents call this group of rocks. Argrillite)

Both groups of rocks, except Vesicular Basalt, are dense, fine-grained rocks. quite sticky Not too hard to produce stone tools. It can be easily molded and the direction of the applied force is quite good. It achieves the desired form without consuming much energy. Therefore, the ancient people preferred to choose raw materials from this area than other areas that are basalt because it is a fine-grained stone with very high hardness. It is quite difficult to control the direction of the cracking. Although the material quality is better but consumes more energy and time to produce.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Scientific age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Archaeological evidence found at Phu Sang Archaeological Site, or Doi Phu Sang, indicates that this area in the past (about 700 to more than 3,000 years ago) was probably an industrial-level stone tool production site. Because of the evidence that shows the production of stone tools is large and densely distributed over a wide area. Including raw materials, stone cores, stone chips of various sizes, hammers, anvils, stirrups, terrazzo tools that have been formed. There are traces of chipping, sharpening and polishing. Characteristics of stone tools that are most commonly found are shoulderless axes and stone shards. (Department of Fine Arts 2005; Chawanan Chanprasert 2007; Chaturaporn Thiamthinkrit 2009)

From the study of the types of stones used to produce stone tools found in Doi Phu Sang (Chawanan Chanprasert 2007; Chaturaporn Tiamthinkrit 2009) found that most were made of Andesite, followed by semi-metamorphic mudstone. (Metamorphosed Mudstone) The distinctive features of these two types of rocks are. firm texture quite sticky There is not too much hardness. It can be easily molded and the direction of force applied to the cracker is quite good. This makes it possible to achieve the desired form without consuming much energy. This is probably the main reason why there is a large amount of evidence of stone tools production on Doi Phu Sang. Since both types of rocks are the foundation stones of Doi Phu Sang (Chaturaphon Thiam Tinkrit 2009 :38), Doi Phu Sang is a source of raw materials and one of the most important stone tools production areas in that area. This may be to come in to produce stone tools periodically as appropriate. Because from the study of soil layers, traces of desertion were found periodically (Chaturaporn Thiamthinkrit 2009 :78).

Excavation of N-Hill wells where stone tools were not found in polishing or fine finishing. and finished stone tools But found in an area about 500 meters away, it is possible that the area is only the raw materials and the production of stone tools to a certain level of molding and finishing. Polishing and finishing sections Producers probably brought stone tools to make to other areas that are more suitable (Chaturaphon Thiamthinkrit 2009:79-80). Suitability

The absence of differences in technology or form It was assumed that initially People who come to use the stone tool production area Probably the same group (Chawanan Chanprasert 2007 :10)

Excavation at the northern mound of Doi Phu Sang which is a low mound The Sao River flows through the north, south and west. Found archaeological evidence of stirrups. The rock presumably served as an anvil and hammer. In addition, a large number of stone flakes were found around the river. In addition, fragments of earthenware, glass beads, casters (weaving tools) were found, which are evidence pointing to human habitation in the past in this area (Chawanan Chanprasert 2007 :10- 11)

Excavation at the mound of Kod village which is a mound in the northeast of Doi Phu Sang There is a river of Sao and a river flowing through it. found archaeological evidence is to bury the bones in a small pottery jar Such ritual features were found in Sukhothai ancient monuments during the 19th-21st Buddhist century (Chawanan Chanprasert 2007 :10-11).