Political History of Rashtrakuta Dynasty
The Sen dynasty established its dominance in Bengal, India in the middle of the 12th century and ruled for 160 years. This important dynasty of Bengal was founded by Samantasen 'Radh ' It was done at a place. Its capital is Nadia (Lucknauti) Was. During the heyday of the Sen dynasty, the northeastern region of the Indian continent was included in this empire. Many temples were built during the reign of Sen kings. Ballalsen is said to have built the Dhakeshwari temple. Famous composition 'Geetgovind The poet Jaydev Sen, the author of ', was one of the Pancharatnas of the ruler Lakshmansen. Lakshmansen has started a new era in his name 'Lakshman Samva It was enforced. The Sen dynasty was the first dynasty to have its inscription in Hindi for the first time. Engraved.
Samantasen, the founder of the Sen dynasty of Bengal, They are called Karnataka Kshatriyas. From this it seems that the origin of the Sen dynasty was Karnataka in the south.
In the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries there lived some Jain preachers, who belonged to the Sen dynasty, in the Dharwad district of Mysore state. But it is not clear whether the Bengal army had many links with the family of these Jain preachers.
However, there is sufficient evidence to support the fact that the Bengal army had its original abode in the south. The Sena rulers considered themselves as Karnat Kshatriyas, Brahma Kshatriyas and Kshatriyas and traced their origin to the mythological heroes of the Karnat dynasty.
The Pala rulers during the time of Devapala appointed foreign brave heroes, some of whom belonged to Karnataka. Later, these officers who came from the south became rulers and called themselves 'Rajputra Started saying. In this family of princes, the founder of the Sen dynasty of Bengal and the first Sen ruler Samantasena Arose, which formed the Sen kingdom on the central ruins of the Pala Empire.
The people of the Sen dynasty were probably Brahmins, but because of their military nature, they later came to be called Kshatriyas. That's why they are called 'Brahma-Kshatriya ’ has also been said.
Samantasen
Samantasena, the founder of the Sen dynasty, increased his prestige by defeating a ruler of the south, probably Rajendra Chola of the Dravidian country. Samantasen's successor Hemantasena was. But there is no specific information regarding Hemant.
Parmar Dynasty
Vijaysen ( 1095-1158 AD)
After Hemantasena, the Sen dynasty was succeeded by Vijayasena (1095-1158 AD), the grandson of Samantasena. This first independent ruler of the Sen dynasty who established the prestige of his family. Vijaysen wrote 'Arirajvrishabhashankar ’ and ‘Parammaheshwar ' In addition to 'God', 'Maharajadhiraj' and 'Parambhattarak ' had assumed important titles.
Vijaysen had to fight many battles during his long reign and he got success in those wars. His illustrious victories are mentioned in Devpada Prashasti get in. This citation was composed by the poet Dhoyi had done. Shriharsha impressed by Vijaysen's achievements and heroism A poet named 'Vijayaprashasti also praised Vijaysen. ' Poetry was composed.
Vijaysen's political achievements are known to have ended the rule of the Varmans from Bengal, exiled Madanpala of Pala dynasty from northern Bengal and captured Gaur. He is said to have conquered Mithila by defeating Nanyadev, invaded the Gahadavalas by the Ganges route, conquered Assam, raided Orissa and conquered Raghava, the son of Ananthavarman Chodaganga, the ruler of Kalinga.
Thus after the death of Rampala, the vast kingdom that Vijayasena founded on the ruins of the Pala Empire included the areas of eastern, western and northern Bengal. According to Dhoyi, Vijayasena also established two important capitals - one of which was in West Bengal, named Vijaypur was and the second capital Vikrampur , which was in East Bengal (modern Bangladesh).
Along with military victories, Vijayasena also did many works of cultural and religious importance. His 'ArirajVrishabhashankar ' and 'Parammaheshwar It is clear from the title of 'Ra' that he was of Shaivism. She Pradyumneshwar Shiva in Varendri (Devapada) Built a temple, dug a lake and provided a royal shelter to Umapati. Due to these achievements, Vijayasena was considered the real founder of the Sen dynasty. is believed. It ruled for 64 years (1095-1158 AD).
Uttargupta Dynasty (Krishnagupta Dynasty)
Ballalsen ( 1158-1179 AD)
Vijaysen was succeeded by his son Ballalasena on the throne of the Sen dynasty. Ballalson conducted the administration work during the reign of his father. He completely protected the inherited kingdom and like his father 'Parammaheshwar' , 'Ghodeshwar', 'Parambhattarak', 'Nishanshankar' and 'Maharajadhiraj ’ He had held heavy titles like .
'LaghuBharat ’ and ‘Ballalcharit It is known from texts called 'Ballalsen's authority was over Mithila and northern Bihar. Apart from this, he also ruled over four provinces namely Varendra, Radha, Bagdi and Bengal. His kingdom was divided into five provinces and he established three capitals at Gaurpur, Suvarnagram and Vikrampur.
Ballalsen was a scholar and social reformer. It is credited with organizing the caste system and aristocratic system in Bengal. To protect Varna-Dharma, oligarchism He started a movement in the name of and propagated that matrimonial system, which is called aristocratic system. The sub-divisions in each caste depended on the purity of origin and knowledge. Over time this sub-division of caste became more rigid and complex.
Ballalsen himself was a learned ruler. It is said that with the help of his Guru, he 'Danasagar ' composed and 'amazing ocean He had also started the work of a book called ', but he could not complete it. He also patronized many scholars in his court.
Ballalsen's 'Ghodeshwar ’ and ‘Nishanshankar It is clear from titles like ' that he was a follower of Shaivism. At the end of his life, he took sannyas.
Maukhari Dynasty
Laxmansen ( 1179-1205 AD)
Ballalasena was succeeded by his son and successor Lakshmanasena as the king of the Sen dynasty. This was the last powerful ruler of the Sen dynasty, who ruled the whole of Bengal and had a capital named Lakshmanavati or Lakhnauti It is situated near Gaur, the ancient capital of Bengal. Laxmansen started a new era 'Lakshman Samvat' was also enforced.
Inscriptions credit Laxmansen with the conquests of Kalinga, Assam, Banaras and Allahabad and it is said that he built his Victory-pillars at these places. was established. But Lakshmansen was a contemporary of Gahadwal king Jayachandra, who had Banaras and Allahabad in his possession. Therefore, the claim of Lakshmanasena setting up victory pillars at these places appears to be baseless. It is possible that he conquered Assam and Kalinga.
Descriptions from Muslim historians suggest that Lakshmansen was an utter coward. Minhaj His creation 'Tabkat-e-Nasiri' It shows that around 1202 AD Bakhtiar Khilji attacked Lakhnauti and destroyed it. Frightened by this, Lakshmansen surrendered West and North Bengal to Bakhtiyar Khilji. Thus Laxmansen last Hindu ruler of Bengal was.
Lakshmansen's rule is important from the point of view of the development of Sanskrit literature. Lakshmanasena himself was also a scholar and received his father's incomplete text 'Adbhutsagar ' has the distinction of completing it.
Laxmansen had patronized many scholars in his court. Jaidev (Geetgovind) in his Rajya Sabha , Umapati, Dhoyi (wind messenger), Halayudh (Brahmin Sarvasva) and Sridhardas Like 'Panchratna ' Lived beautiful. Sridhar was his court poet and Halayudh writer as well as Chief Justice and Chief Minister.
Laxmansen's 'Param Bhagwat It is clear from the title that unlike his ancestors, he was a follower of Vaishnavism. The Sen dynasty came to an end around 1202 AD due to Muslim invasion, although its successors continued to rule East Bengal until the middle of the 13th century. After that the Dev dynasty took the sovereign rights over the country.
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