Despite having some of the most monumental and iconic monuments of the Roman Empire, the Mauretania Caesariensis , which occupied the central and western territory of present-day Algeria, is also one of its most unknown provinces. Among its most emblematic enclaves, the Punic, Roman and Byzantine ci
“France… Tête darmée”. Historiography, and especially Napoleonic hagiography, will indicate that they were the last words spoken by the Emperor during the last moments of his agony on the afternoon of May 5, 1821. Certainly the man who would be remembered not for forging an empire from the dictato
The immobile and repressive policies of the Bourbons during the Second Restoration provoked growing unease among broad layers of French society, despite the fact that the new enthronement meant the conclusion of a cycle of twenty years of wars that had ruined and bled France, placing it under the tu
A new edition has appeared, revised and updated, from Eric Clines book, 1177 BC:The Year Civilization Collapsed . I bought the slightly (!) cheaper e-book version. The new edition is 40 more pages long, but most of the changes are generally subtle, especially in the first four chapters. For example
In 1956 Morocco gained independence , and it did not take long for the problem of integrating the northern zone into the rest of the country to arise. Linguistic unification meant that French replaced Spanish in school and administration. As there were no Francophone staff, they had to resort to Fr
It is said that the Alawite king Hassan II owned a map that incorporated his dream of the «Greater Morocco» the former Spanish Sahara, the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, the Canary Islands and even Andalusia, also reaching Mauritania. True or false, the facts of his persistent step-by-step
Among those dedicated to archaeology Roman military in Hispania The news, published in El País, entitled The dishonor of the eagle lost by the Roman legion that was sold on the internet and signed by Vicente Olaya, has caused a minor stir. It refers to the seizure, by the police forces, of a metalli
Through his uncle, the Prince of Raffadale , who was ambassador of Naples in Spain at that time, requested for Gravina the Letter of order of admission to the Company of the Department of Cádiz, receiving this the office of midshipman on December 18, 1775. At the beginning of 1777, in the frigate Sa
Both Berbers and Slavs sought land and power to improve its previous situation in the Maghreb. All tried to reproduce in the small states that formed the Umayyad despotic scheme, which caused some of the territories to acquire a certain pre-eminence over their neighbors. For this reason, many times
In a Europe convulsed by revolutionary wars and four coalitions[1] that would have tried to overthrow the Gallic contingent, the press turned out to be a fundamental element on the battlefields and in the daily life of the citizens of the empire that was being formed. The Confederation of the Rhine,
From four in the morning to the afternoon of On August 16, 1855, the Battle of the Chernaya River took place on the Crimean peninsula, on the outskirts of the besieged Sevastopol. , the last Russian attempt of consideration, after the fiascoes of the battles of Balaclava and Inkerman, to dismantle t
In the German Federal Military Archives in Freiburg [Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv Freiburg , hereinafter BA-MA] you can find two photo albums compiled by an anonymous sailor who served on the battleship Graf Spee [1]. These albums are full of snapshots that collect various events that this sailor cons
The commonly known as Bishop of Cuenca , Lope de Barrientos , lived in the fifteenth century; He belonged to a family from Medina del Campo:he was the second of the familys children, so he had to pursue an ecclesiastical career, which in his case became a political career. In Salamanca he held a cha
In 1972, in the midst of the conflict between Republicans and Unionists , the number of victims far exceeded that of the previous year. Fourteen took place on January 30 in Londonderry, which is regarded as one of the events - the Bloody Sunday – key in the conflict, since it pushed even more men
Traditional historiography, especially Anglo-Saxon, establishes a manifest contrast between the Dutch school and a supposed “Spanish-German” school. Actually, it is possible to speak, rather, of three schools, the Dutch, the Spanish and the German , given that, as we observed in the previous chapter
Coinciding with the beginning of this extraordinary company, this 2019 begins the commemoration of the V Centenary of the first circumnavigation of the earth , a journey into the unknown that had to face countless difficulties to be carried out even before his departure. We already gave an account o
It is with great sadness that we announce the recent death of Professor Gheorghe I. Cantacuzino and his wife, due to a traffic accident. In our recent issue of Desperta Ferro Antigua y Medieval #54:Vlad Tepes. Dracula We had the immense pleasure of having an article by Professor Cantacuzino about Wa
At the beginning of the summer of 1937, the Vizcaya campaign had ended with the front stabilized in the limits of the province of Santander, which remained, together with Asturias, as the only territory controlled by the Government of the Republic in the Bay of Biscay. The remains of the Basque Army
1939-2019 80 years since the outbreak of the Second World War On September 1, 1939Germany invaded Poland, causing the outbreak of World War II , of which this Sunday marks the 80th anniversary. To help you get to know this crucial event, from today, Friday, August 30 to Sunday, September 1, we offe
In this regard, the Hispanic Monarchy , forced to attend the various war fronts of its vast empire, especially on the European stage, was no exception. The exhaustion of Castile and its demographic decline in the 17th century reduced its ability to provide men to the Tercios, leading the rulers to a
Surely everyone has heard the adjective draconian/na , generally applied to laws or conditions, which the RAE defines as “excessively severe”. But do we know where that word comes from? It does so from the name of a historical character, a legislator from Ancient Greece who compiled the existing leg
In September 1939 the Polish army had a number of tanks. Even fewer of them were able to fight with opposing tanks as they were armed only with machine guns. TK tanks made up the bulk of Polish armored vehicles. Shortly before World War II it was decided to upgrade numbers of these to be equippe
If I say that today we are going to talk about Theodore Roosevelt and his participation in the Second World War, more than one person will turn their heads remembering that the 26th president of the United States died in 1919 and, therefore, could not take part in that contest. It is true, but addin
Similarities between Fascism and Nazism Fascism in Italy at the same time when the communist state was being established in Russia after the success of the Bolshevik Revolution and a new society and new economy was being formed. And in Germany Nazism took birth. These are commonly referred to as c